Study of the squatting facets of the talus and tibia in ancient Egyptians

Satinoff, Merton I.

doi:10.1016/0047-2484(72)90021-8

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…The presence or absence of all traits were codified, following descriptions of squatting facets of the talus and the proximal tibia by Barnett (1954), Satinoff (1972) The ages and sexes of individuals were estimated using pelvic and cranial traits, in consultation with published documentation (Morris 1992;Sealy et al 1992;Sealy & Pfeiffer 2000;Parkington & Poggenpoel 1972). The left side is used unless only the right was available.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A consequence of regular squatting is the development of supernumerary surfaces or articular facets on the proximal and distal tibia and on the talus due to the hyperdorsiflexion of the ankle and hyperflexion of the knees (Thomson 1889;Satinoff 1972;Trinkaus 1975;Ubelaker 1978;Boulle 2001aBoulle , 2001b, as postural stress alters the articular morphology of joints (Martin 1932;Trinkaus 1975;Ubelaker 1978Ubelaker , 1979 (Fig. 3).…”

Section: Identification Of Squattingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Satinoff (1972) also identifies the E and F squatting facets, depending on whether they are separate distinct facets or if they are combined (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Identification Of Squattingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…He tested the hypothesis that the squatting posture could be detected in the ankle and knee joints on skeletal remains. Since this pioneering study (Thomson 1889(Thomson , 1890 there have been several others (Charles 1893(Charles , 1894Sewell, 1904aSewell, , 1904bSewell, , 1905Wood 1919-20;Martin 1932;Barnett & Napier 1952;Barnett 1954;Singh 1959Singh , 1963Kate & Robert 1965;Rao 1966;Satinoff 1972;Oygucu et al 1998;Boulle 2001aBoulle , 2001b. The largest studies have been conducted on recent colonial samples from India and Australia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The largest studies have been conducted on recent colonial samples from India and Australia. Studies of large prehistoric samples have been less common, the only other study of skeletons from the African continent being of Egyptians (Satinoff 1972). This lack of data from prehistoric contexts is notable as Boulle (2001a) has argued that the incidence of squatting facets in Europeans increases as one goes back in time, from modern to medieval samples.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postural Behaviour of Later Stone Age People in South Africa

Dewar¹,

Pfeiffer²

2004

The South African Archaeological Bulletin

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of Squattingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Satinoff (1972) also identifies the E and F squatting facets, depending on whether they are separate distinct facets or if they are combined (Fig. 5).…”

Section: Identification Of Squattingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Postural Behaviour of Later Stone Age People in South Africa

Dewar¹,

Pfeiffer²

2004

The South African Archaeological Bulletin

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Evolution of two human skeletal markers of the squatting position: A diachronic study from antiquity to the modern age

Boulle

2001

American J Phys Anthropol

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Some human skeletal features that were produced through the actions of their bearers during life allow the reconstruction of postures. These can be typical of population groups. For example, tibial retroversion and lateral squatting facets are two skeletal markers closely related to the habit of squatting. The facets and the retroversion are induced by pressure and traction as a consequence of the hyperdorsiflexion of the knees and ankles. The examination of 543 tibiae and tali from French and American archaeological series, and dating between the 1st-20th century AD, reveals changes in squatting posture over time. This study shows that tibial retroversion tends to be a "precocity indicator" of the adoption of this posture, while the lateral squatting facet shows the intensity or regularity of the use of this posture. The results indicate that squatting was a regular behavior used until the end of the Middle Ages, and after this period a progressive decrease occurs. This tendency may be explained by different lifestyles in different time periods.

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Prevalence and location of bone spurs in anterior ankle impingement: A cadaveric investigation

2018

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Anterior ankle impingement (AAI) results from repetitive microtrauma leading to pain and decreased dorsiflexion due to spur formation and synovial hypertrophy. Information about the prevalence of anterior spur formation in a large population, and the individual contributions of the talus and tibia to osseous impingement, is limited. A total of 670 ankle specimens from 344 individuals (n = 111 females, n = 233 males) aged 20 to 40 years at the time of death were examined. Matching tibia and talus were opposed and any spurring causing impingement was recorded. Spur locations were measured and ratios calculated to allow for inter-specimen comparison between: (1) medial-to-lateral and anterior-to-posterior spur location versus dimensions of talar neck width, and (2) medial-to-lateral spur location to dimensions of distal anterior tibial width. Differences in spur prevalence in relation to sex, race, height and age were identified by univariant and multivariable statistical analyses. Bony impingement was observed in 21% (n = 72) of specimens, with bilateral involvement in 8% (n = 27). For ankles with AAI, spurs were seen on the talus only in 61%, on the tibia only in 14%, and on both the tibia and talus in 26%. Spurs were significantly more prevalent in males (P = 0.001) and with increasing specimen age (P = 0.002). There were no significant differences related to specimen height or race. Spurs were predominately located on the anterolateral talus (78%) and the anterolateral portion of the distal tibial margin (80%). AAI was present in 21% of young osseous specimens and was significantly more prevalent in males and with increasing specimen age. Clin. Anat., 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Study of the squatting facets of the talus and tibia in ancient Egyptians

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Postural Behaviour of Later Stone Age People in South Africa

Postural Behaviour of Later Stone Age People in South Africa

Evolution of two human skeletal markers of the squatting position: A diachronic study from antiquity to the modern age

Prevalence and location of bone spurs in anterior ankle impingement: A cadaveric investigation

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