Study on effect of anti-diarrheal medicinal plants on enteropathogenic Escherichia coli induced interleukin-8 secretion by intestinal epithelial cells

Abstract

Diarrhea is a major health concern in developing countries with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) being a leading cause of infantile diarrhea. Much of the pathology of EPEC infection is due to the inflammatory responses of infected intestinal epithelium through secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-8. With medicinal plants gaining popularity as prospective antidiarrheal agents, we aimed to evaluate the effect of anti-diarrheal medicinal plants on secretion of IL-8 by epithelial cells in response to EPEC infection. The effect of the decoctions of four anti-diarrheal medicinal plants viz. Aegle marmelos, Cyperus rotundus, Psidium guajava and Zingiber officinale was studied on secretion of IL-8 by a human colon adenocarcinoma cell line, HT-29 infected with E. coli E2348/69. Two protocols were used viz. pre-incubation and post-incubation. The data obtained demonstrated that out of the four plants used, only P. guajava decreased secretion of IL-8 in the post-incubation protocol although in the pre-incubation protocol an increase was observed. A similar increase was seen with C. rotundus in the preincubation protocol. No effect on IL-8 secretion was observed with A. marmelos and Z. officinale in both protocols and with C. rotundus in the post-incubation protocol. The post-incubation protocol, in terms of clinical relevance, indicates the effect of the plant decoctions when used as treatment. Hence P. guajava may be effective in controlling the acute inflammatory response of the intestinal epithelial cells in response to EPEC infection.

1H nuclear magnetic resonance-based metabolite profiling of guava leaf extract: an attempt to develop a prototype for standardization of plant extracts

“…Guava leaves have been used globally in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders [41,42]. Our work which included a clinical trial has confirmed that guava is a promising anti-diarrhoeal plant exhibiting a wide spectrum of activity [8,[43][44][45][46]. However, its functional components largely remained unknown, mainly due to chemical complexity and possible synergism.…”

Psidium guajava: A single plant for multiple health problems of rural Indian population

“…[ 41 ] In addition, different concentrations (1%, 5%, and 10%) of decoction of guava leaves showed inhibitory effect on bacterial colonization on epithelial cells and on toxin production, binding of bacterial enterotoxins,[ 33 ] and affected the inflammatory response. [ 42 ] Gastric ulcer healing properties of guava leaves (100–200 mg/kg) was demonstrated in animal models by Livingston et al . [ 43 ]…”

Antidiarrhoeal Effects of Hydromethanolic Leaves Extract of Ipomea asarifolia in Albino Rat Model

“…Nigeria was estimated to have a total number of annual child deaths due to diarrhoea to be 151,700 [9]. Diarrhoea may be caused by a wide array of agents such as entero-pathogenic microorganisms (Shigella flexneri and Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Candida albicans), alcohol, irritable bowel syndrome, bile salts, hormones, secretory tumors and intoxication [10,11]. Dependency on plants as medicine in controlling diseases is common among rural populace in Nigeria because of its relative safety and affordability compared with the cost of conventional medicines.…”