Study on effective extraction of chicken feather keratins and their films for controlling drug release

Non-food industrial applications of poultry feathers

“…However, hydrolyzing feathers decreases the molecular weight considerably resulting in products with poor mechanical properties and stability in aqueous conditions (Xu et al, 2014a). In a novel approach to prevent hydrolysis and preserve the properties of keratin, feather keratin was extracted using a three-step process that involved deoxidation with 2-mercaptoethanol as the first step (Yin et al, 2013a). Later, the extracted keratin was modified with chloroacetic acid that made the keratin dispersible in aqueous solutions.…”

Sustainable Management of Keratin Waste Biomass: Applications and Future Perspectives

“…The property of extracted keratin proteins to self-congregate and polymerize into complex 3D structures has led to their work as scaffolds for tissue engineering (Rouse and Van Dyke 2010) and fabricated keratin based composite nanofiber by electro spinning used as a application in tissue engineering and regenerative medicines (Edwards et al 2014;Boakye et al 2015) . Similarly, in another study, chicken feather extracted keratin for the formation of fabricated keratin films were used in controlled drug delivery systems (Poole et al 2009;Yin et al 2013). Generally protein fibers are preferred over cellulose and other synthetic fibers due to the unique property.…”

“…Yield of feathers after different time of hydrolysis was studied using different concentrations of Na2S. Keratin have molecular weight of 20 KDa extracted from chicken feather which was used to form films for controlled drug release applications (Yin et al 2013). Film formed have good mechanical properties due to large amount of cystine linkage.…”

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“…All reactions are performed in a flask containing 150-200 ml reduced keratin solution and researchers use 5ml of chloroacetic acid solution (0.15g mL -1 ) drop wise while regulating pH value to 8-9 and reaction is stopped after one hour. Keratin solution is acidified and precipitated with ethanol and keratin sedimentation is washed for three to four times before it is lyophilized [5]. Advances in keratin extraction, purification and characterization led to the potential growth in keratin-based green material development.…”

“…For instance, Poole et al concluded that sustainable fiber obtained from regenerated protein was environmental friendly, renewable and biodegradable. Similarly, Xiao-Chun et al extracted keratin effectively from chicken feather and fabricated keratin films which were used in controlled drug delivery systems [4,5]. Among these proteins, development of keratin-based material has the potential for revolutionizing the bio-based green materials' world due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, mechanical durability, and natural abundance [4,6].…”