“…Literature reports a wide range of EP-induced micro structure-property changes. These range from plastic deformation [5,[11][12][13][14]21] to recovery-recrystallisation [2,5,6,15,16,20,[34][35][36][37] and even dynamic recrystallisa tion [8,18], from phase transformation [3,9,[38][39][40] to the dissolution of the second phase [4] and crystallisation [41][42][43][44][45], from grain refinement [1,19] to possible modifications in slip systems [17] and developments of preferred orientations [1,46], from crack healing [7,[47][48][49] to improvements in machinability [50,51] -the list is indeed exhaustive. Researchers tried to explain the EP-induced changes from the tenets of electromigration theory [5] and/or multiple other factors [1,5].…”