Study on premicellar and micellar aggregates of gemini surfactants with hydroxyl substituted spacers in aqueous solution using a probe showing TICT fluorescence properties

Rotations in Excited ICT States – Fluorescence and its Microenvironmental Sensitivity

“…The critical micelle concentration is defined as the concentration above which aggregates so-called micelles start to form. [51] This results in a visible change in the emission spectrum. The fluorescence spectroscopy became a popular tool for the determination of critical micelle concentration by its change in fluorescence quantum yield, [47] depolarization [48] and fluorescence decay time [49] or even the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism.…”

“…Surfactants are interfacially active compounds with amphiphilic properties containing hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains. [51][52][53][54][55][56] A very nice example for a TICT compound as probe for a spectroscopic determination of the CMC was presented by Tiwari et al [51] They used trans-2-[4-(dimethylamino)styryl]benzothiazole (14; Figure 13) as a probe which has a big advantage towards other TICT compounds such as DMABN (1), as 14 reside only in the high polar Stern layer of the forming aggregates. Conventionally the CMC is determined with a tensiometer as the surface tension gets lower with increasing surfactant concentration and remains constant when the surface is saturated with surfactant molecules.…”

ESIPT reaction of potential bioactive heterocyclic Schiff base: Atomic visualization coupled with in vitro spectroscopy

“…Photoinduced electron transfer and proton transfer are important fundamental processes for many biochemical reactions and find numerous applications in scientific field [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Amongst all the photoinduced processes, excited state proton transfer are of special interest.…”

Study on metal nanoparticles synthesis and orientation of gemini surfactant molecules used as stabilizer

“…Gemini surfactants are one of the special classes of biscationic surfactants, which can be considered as surfactant dimers, i.e., the combination of two amphiphilic groups connected by a spacer group within each surfactant molecules [1][2][3][4][5]. The spacer group can be rigid, flexible, hydrophilic or hydrophobic, which binds the two amphiphilic moieties at the headgroups.…”