Study on some soil quality changes obtained from long-term experiments

Abstract

Agricultural practice often causes soil structure degradation and as a result it leads to changes in soil fertility and quality. The aim of this study was to compare soil aggregate stability (SAS) and soil organic matter (OM) quantity and quality in different systems of soil management. Three adjoining longterm experiments established on Chernozem were chosen; they were all set up in different years with different crop rotations and comparable fertilization treatments: control (without fertilization); NPK; manure; NPK + manure; N + manure; OM and NPK + OM. SAS was statistically significantly lower in the trial with the highest proportion of cereals in the crop rotation. Differences among the fertilization treatments were noticeable, but not significant; the lowest SAS was observed at treatments with the mineral NPK fertilization. Significant correlation was found out between SAS and C/N ratio (R = -0.571; P < 0.05) and between SAS and soil pH (R = 0.30; P < 0.05). Further, the individual trials differed in soil pH. A significant positive influence of the treatment NPK + manure was observed in the content of hot water-extractable carbon (C hwl ) and total soil organic carbon and nitrogen. The significant correlation between the 3000-2800/cm peak area of fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and labile organic compounds in soil (C hwl ) was confirmed.

Soil organic matter dynamics in long-term temperate agroecosystems: rotation and nutrient addition effects

“…Across all assessed soils, the quality of labile SOM appears to be improved under complex crop rotations, and the labile SOM pool seems to be more utilized and cycled by soil microbial communities. In this context, a greater quality of labile SOM implies enhanced bioavailability and decomposability of the POM fraction as indicated by narrower C:N ratios (Bu et al 2015;Castro et al 2015;Stehlíková et al 2016), suggesting that utilization of this labile SOM by microbes is propensive to occur. Moreover, it is noteworthy that although the forest soil had much higher SOM concentration than both simple and complex rotations, the MBC values in forest land was the lowest among all these land use systems, with 1.5 times significantly lower MBC in the forest soil than under the complex rotation (Table 1), which may reflect that the soil microorganisms could have limited access to decompose SOM in forest land.…”

“…An earlier study showed that manure addition can increase both the root and microbial biomass debris which are both key contributing factors of soil POM (Purakayastha et al 2008). Likewise, long-term additions of manure have been shown to favor soil carbon cycling and macroaggregate formation (Liu et al 2013;Stehlíková et al 2016). While manure adds carbon directly to the soil profile, balanced fertilization supports plant growth and biomass production which subsequently feedbacks into increased plant residues leading to long-term accretion of SOM (Hati et al 2008).…”

Influence of sowing and harvest dates on production of two different cultivars of sugar beet

“…Improvement was also observed for sugar content (Prugar et al 2008). The importance of proper crop rotation and structure, and associated long-term changes in soil properties, are pointed out by Stehlíková et al (2015). Mühlbachová et al (2015) stresses new, soil-protecting tilling methods and their use.…”

Calidad del suelo en diferentes sistemas de uso en selva alta de Huánuco, Perú

“…Alberga numerosas y diversas especies microbianas, animales y vegetales responsables de la actividad metabólica, esencial para la formación, funcionamiento y fertilidad del mismo. Sin embargo, los diferentes sistemas de uso de los suelos ocasionan diferentes grados de perturbación (Navarro et al, 2018;Rosa et al, 2017), afectando sus características físicas, químicas y biológicas, que generan efectos como la degradación y erosión de la estructura del suelo y conducen a cambios en la fertilidad y calidad del suelo (Stehlíková et al, 2016).…”