Refractory
high entropy alloys (RHEAs) have been proven to have
excellent mechanical properties with a potential use as protective
thin films. However, the combination of high hardness with low friction
and wear is a major challenge in the design of RHEA films. In this
study, we show that NbMoWTa/Ag self-lubricating multilayered films
give a remarkable reduction in friction and at same time maintain
high hardness. Interestingly, it is found that the bcc superlattice
dominates in both NbMoWTa and Ag layers and the interfaces become
coherent when the individual layer thickness h is
reduced below 10 nm. The film properties are then strongly dependent
on h ranging from 100 to 2.5 nm, and the most promising
properties are obtained when the interface structure transforms from
incoherent to coherent one. Especially, the multilayer with h = 2.5 nm exhibits superior tribological performance over
monolithic NbMoWTa due to the significant coherent strengthening along
with the self-lubricating ability in the multilayer. This tailored
phase transition and coherent structure between the matrix and lubrication
phases can also provide an optimal wear rate–coefficient of
friction combination, which is higher than most of the Ag-containing
self-lubricating films. The current work might open a new route toward
the development of innovative self-lubricating RHEA films with excellent
tribological properties.