Studying Mechanical Properties and Micro Deformation of Ultrafine-Grained Structures in Austenitic Stainless Steel

Gong, Na; Wu, Huibin; Yu, Zhichen; Niu, Gang; Zhang, Da

doi:10.3390/met7060188

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The contrast factor of an individual dislocation can be calculated using the computer program ANIZC [17]. For example, the edge dislocation in Figure 2 has a contrast factor of 0.46 when g is [110] and parallel to the dislocations Burgers vector. The value is 0.00 when g is parallel to the slip line ( 112 ) and 0.05 when g is parallel to the slip plane normal ( 111 ).…”

Section: The Contrast Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In terms of broadening by dislocations this equation can be written as [4,20]: Schematic of an edge dislocation in a face-centred cubic crystal. The dislocation will cause maximum broadening when the diffraction vector is paralell to [110] and a minimum when it is parallel to [11 2].For the dislocation shown b is [110], n is [1 11], and s is [ 11 2]. Adapted from Armstrong [18].…”

Section: The Contrast Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dislocation will cause maximum broadening when the diffraction vector is paralell to [110] and a minimum when it is parallel to 112 . For the dislocation shown b is [110], n is 111 , and s is 112 . Adapted from Armstrong [18].…”

Section: The Contrast Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, to calculate the contrast factor for different diffraction peaks assumptions about the dislocations present are required. If it is assumed that, the sample has a random texture (no preferred orientation) and that slip system types, with a given Burgers vector and slip plane such as [110] (111) in face-centred cubic (FCC) crystals, are equally populated. This leads to a description for the contrast factor for a cubic material given as [11]:…”

Section: Cubic Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peak Broadening Anisotropy and the Contrast Factor in Metal Alloys

Simm

2018

Crystals

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Diffraction peak profile analysis (DPPA) is a valuable method to understand the microstructure and defects present in a crystalline material. Peak broadening anisotropy, where broadening of a diffraction peak doesn't change smoothly with 2θ or d-spacing, is an important aspect of these methods. There are numerous approaches to take to deal with this anisotropy in metal alloys, which can be used to gain information about the dislocation types present in a sample and the amount of planar faults. However, there are problems in determining which method to use and the potential errors that can result. This is particularly the case for hexagonal close packed (HCP) alloys. There is though a distinct advantage of broadening anisotropy in that it provides a unique and potentially valuable way to develop crystal plasticity and work-hardening models. In this work we use several practical examples of the use of DPPA to highlight the issues of broadening anisotropy. of 31where, D is the crystal size, K Sch is the Scherrer constant (often taken as 0.9 for spherical crystals), g is the reciprocal of the d-spacing of a peak, f m is a function related to the arrangement of dislocations (and represents how the arrangement of groups of dislocations influence their total strain), ρ is the dislocation density and C hkl is the average contrast factor of dislocations in grains that contribute to the hkl diffraction peak. In Equation 1 and other DPPA approaches, C hkl is assumed to be the only term that accounts for broadening anisotropy and its value is required to be able to obtain the dislocation density.TEM to be able to identify details of dislocations [15,16], especially in cases when g.b=0 does not lead to vanishing contrast or due to practicalities of rotating a sample. In the same manner, the diffraction broadening caused by a dislocation varies depending on the diffraction vector, and can be calculated by modelling the dislocation's displacement field. The contribution of a dislocation's displacement field to the broadening of different diffraction profiles is through what is known as the contrast (or orientation) factor of dislocations. The contrast factor of an individual dislocation is dependent on the angles between the diffraction vector and the vectors that define the dislocation: it's Burgers vector (b), slip plane normal (n), and dislocation line (s). The contrast factor of an individual dislocation can be calculated using the computer program ANIZC [17]. For example, the edge dislocation in Figure 2 has a contrast factor of 0.46 when g is [110] and parallel to the dislocations Burgers vector. The value is 0.00 when g is parallel to the slip line ([11 2]) and 0.05 when g is parallel to the slip plane normal ([1 11]).

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Section: The Contrast Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Contrast Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Contrast Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cubic Alloysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Peak Broadening Anisotropy and the Contrast Factor in Metal Alloys

Simm

2018

Crystals

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“…In manufacturing, there are articles on the effects of welding [1-4], electroslag remelting [5,6], and rolling [7][8][9]. As is typical in any discussion of steels, many papers focus on microstructure-property relations [10][11][12][13][14]. These form the basis for improving the alloys and their processing.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alloy Steels

Tuttle

2018

Metals

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Since their invention in 1865, alloy steels have found broad application in multiple industries; the automotive, aerospace, heavy equipment, and pipeline industries to name a few. Alloy steels include a tremendous variation in alloying content. They range from the 1-2 wt. % Cr or Ni in some low alloy steels to the 15-18 wt. % Cr content of many stainless steels. The topic of alloy steels contains both the common 4140 and 316 alloys to more exotic alloys such as the Hadfield steels. These steels can form a wide variety of microstructures such as pearlite, bainite, or martensite, which result in an equally broad range of properties. It is this range that has made them useful to so many industries. In some cases, these are the only steel alloys that can provide the required combination of properties. Their use in the automotive industry has been key to the development of safer vehicles and improved fuel efficiency. Our modern world would not be possible without the advanced alloy steels employed to safely transport oil through pipelines. Therefore, continued development is necessary to expand markets, improve products, and enhance the human condition. It is this importance that has lead us at Metals to create the special issue on alloy steels that you are reading. What follows are 23 papers from a wide range of authors and nationalities which represents the current state of the art in alloy steel research.This issue, like alloy steels themselves, covers diverse set of articles. There are articles on manufacturing, microstructure, heat treatment, corrosion, and service conditions. This expansive range reflects the multifaceted nature of alloy steels. Even the individual areas are extensively represented. In manufacturing, there are articles on the effects of welding [1-4], electroslag remelting [5,6], and rolling [7][8][9]. As is typical in any discussion of steels, many papers focus on microstructure-property relations [10][11][12][13][14]. These form the basis for improving the alloys and their processing. Another large section of work focuses on topics of more interest to those who are the final customers of the steel industry. Many alloy steels are heat treated and understanding the effects of heat treatment and heat treating parameter selection ensure the correct microstructure and properties are attained. Readers will find these topics addressed by several authors in our pages [10,[15][16][17][18]. Those readers interested in improving the corrosion resistance of alloy steels will find several pieces on this topic [2,19,20]. An aspect often ignored by many journals is performance under actual service conditions in the final product, there are two articles on wear resistance and pipeline life that remind us of the importance of understanding the final product [21][22][23]. Data from the final products created from these steels always provide a powerful insight which the best labs can never replicate, and their inclusion in this special issue is a significant contribution to this special issue.Of particular inte...

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Influence of shallow and deep cryogenic treatment on the corrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy in isotonic solution

Öteyaka

Çakir

Çelik

2020

Materials & Corrosion

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This study investigated the corrosion behavior of cryogenically treated Ti6Al4V alloys in an isotonic solution. Samples were subjected to shallow or deep cryogenic treatment, and some samples then underwent an aging procedure. They were characterized by microstructural analysis, an open circuit potential test, an electrochemical impedance method, and a potentiodynamic test. The polarization tests demonstrated that the deep cryogenic treatment shifted the corrosion potential to more anodic values compared to the untreated sample. For all treated samples, it was found that the corrosion current densities were lower than those in the untreated sample, and the lowest current densities were registered for the sample subjected to deep cryogenic treatment for 36 hr. The shallow cryogenic treated samples and the sample aged without cryogenic treatment showed semicapacitive loops with poor corrosion impedance compared to the untreated sample, whereas deep cryogenic treatment produced Warburg impedance with diffusion in the solid phase.

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Studying Mechanical Properties and Micro Deformation of Ultrafine-Grained Structures in Austenitic Stainless Steel

Cited by 11 publications

References 26 publications

Peak Broadening Anisotropy and the Contrast Factor in Metal Alloys

Peak Broadening Anisotropy and the Contrast Factor in Metal Alloys

Alloy Steels

Influence of shallow and deep cryogenic treatment on the corrosion behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy in isotonic solution

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