Subchondral bone remodeling increases in early experimental osteoarthrosis in young beagle dogs

Panula, Harri E; Nieminen, Jyrki; Parkkinen, Jyrki; Arnala, Llkka; Kröger, Heikki; Alhava, Esko

doi:10.3109/17453679808999269

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Histomorphometric analysis comparing osteoarthritic femoral heads removed for total hip arthroplasty to normal matched autopsy controls showed that osteoarthritis is associated with thickening of the subchondral bone and the abnormally low mineralization pattern of the subchondral bone (25). A parallel relationship between trabecular thickness/bone formation activity and the Mankin's grade of cartilage degeneration has been reported in a recent histologic and histomorphometric study in human knee specimens (26). Although it is unknown whether changes in subchondral bone precede or follow changes in articular cartilage, it is largely agreed upon that changes in subchondral bone, due to imbalance in bone production and resorption commanded by osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively, are important in early OA (27–31).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Accuracy of cartilage and subchondral bone spatial thickness distribution from MRI

McGibbon

Bencardino

Yeh

et al. 2003

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Purpose: To assess three-dimensional measurement accuracy of articular cartilage (AC) and subchondral bone (SB) thickness from MRI. Materials and Methods:A computer program was used to calculate AC and SB thickness from MRI (three-dimensional spoiled gradient echo (SPGR), .31-mm resolution, 1-mm slice thickness) of six adult femoral heads. Specimens were imaged in five anatomical planes ranging between ϩ30°to -30°from neutral and cut into 2-mm thick sections along the five anatomical planes. Faxitron x-ray was used to produce microradiographic (.05-mm resolution) images of the sections. Results:In-plane measurement accuracy was .165 Ϯ .108 mm for AC thickness and .387 Ϯ .174 mm for SB thickness. Taking into account chemical-shift misregistration in SB thickness, accuracy of measurements improved to .213 Ϯ 128 mm. Out-of-plane (three-dimensional) thickness accuracy of the model, assessed by numerical simulation, was .015 mm. However, three-dimensional thickness errors in specimens were .319 Ϯ .256 mm for AC and .253 Ϯ .183 mm for SB thickness. Conclusion:Errors in three-dimensional AC thickness were attributed to volume-averaging effects caused by oblique intersection of the image plane with the joint surface. Errors in three-dimensional SB thickness were attributed to chemical-shift artifact. We conclude that accuracy of AC thickness is within clinically acceptable standards but that more sophisticated pulse sequences are needed to improve the measurement of SB thickness. MRI OFFERS A NONINVASIVE APPROACH to visualize and quantify the internal derangement of joint structures. Rheumatologic diseases, such as osteoarthritis (OA) or post traumatic articular injuries, can result in changes to the morphology of the articular cartilage (AC) and its underlying subchondral bone (SB). Detecting and monitoring changes in tissue morphology can play a critical roll in the management of patients with disease and/or injury to the articular tissues. MRI has shown great potential for this purpose.Early investigations of AC thickness measurement from MRI were generally performed on planar images, ignoring the effects of out-of-plane curvature (1-7). Neglecting out-of-plane curvature of the joint surfaces can lead to errors greater than 20% with moderately curved surfaces (8) and as high as 50% with strongly curved surfaces (9). Because longitudinal examinations cannot be easily controlled to ensure the image plane intersects the joint perpendicular to the surface, and at precisely the same location during each examination, these out-of-plane errors in thickness may lead to erroneous clinical assessments. Several investigators have developed postprocessing techniques that generate spatial thickness maps of AC, correcting for out-ofplane thickness overestimation (9 -14). However, none of these spatial mapping techniques has been rigorously validated for AC and SB.Losch et al (11) proposed a pixel-based "minimal distance algorithm" that finds the distance between each AC surface pixel and the closest AC/SB interface pixel. Haubner ...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Accuracy of cartilage and subchondral bone spatial thickness distribution from MRI

McGibbon

Bencardino

Yeh

et al. 2003

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Although it is unknown whether changes in subchondral bone precede or follow changes in articular cartilage, it is largely agreed upon that changes in subchondral bone in early osteoarthritis, due to an imbalance in bone production and resorption, are important [44][45][46][47][48]. Indeed, a parallel relationship between trabecular thickness/bone formation activity and the Mankin's grade of cartilage degeneration was reported in a recent histological and histomorphometric study in human knee specimens [49]. The results suggested that remodeling of the underlying subchondral bone influences joint cartilage degeneration.…”

Section: Clinical Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Subchondral bone and cartilage thickness from MRI: effects of chemical-shift artifact

McGibbon

Bencardino

Palmer

2003

MAGMA Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medi

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the modality of choice for visualizing and quantifying articular cartilage thickness. However, difficulties persist in MRI of subchondral bone using spoiled gradient-echo (SPGR) and other gradient-echo sequences, primarily due to the effects of chemical-shift artifact. Fat suppression techniques are often used to reduce these artifacts, but they prevent measurement of bone thickness. In this report, we assess the magnitude of chemical-shift effects (phase-cancellation and misregistration artifacts) on subchondral bone and cartilage thickness measurements in human femoral heads using a variety of pulse sequence parameters. Phase-cancellation effects were quantified by comparing measurements from in-phase images (TE=13.5 ms) to out-of-phase images (TE=15.8 ms). We also tested the assumption of the optimal in-phase TE by comparing thickness measures at small variations on TE (13.0, 13.5 and 14.0 ms). Misregistration effects were quantified by comparing measurements from water+fat images (water-only+fat-only images) to the measurements from in-phase (TE=13.5) images. A correction algorithm was developed and applied to the in-phase measurements and then compared to measurements from water+fat images. We also compared thickness measurements at different image resolutions. Results showed that both phase-cancellation artifact and misregistration artifact were significant for bone thickness measurement, but not for cartilage thickness measurement. Using an in-phase TE and correction algorithm for misregistration artifact, the errors in bone thickness relative to water+fat images were non-significant. This information may be useful for developing pulse sequences for optimal imaging of both cartilage and subchondral bone.

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“…The temporal relationship between the development of cartilage and SCB pathology in naturally occurring OA is unclear, and has not been well defined in experimental models of the disease. Changes in SCB have been recorded at the same time point as cartilage pathology [23,24], or they may be identified after the development of cartilage pathology [25,26]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological and molecular characterisation of feline humeral condylar osteoarthritis

et al. 2013

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BackgroundOsteoarthritis (OA) is a clinically important and common disease of older cats. The pathological changes and molecular mechanisms which underpin the disease have yet to be described. In this study we evaluated selected histological and transcriptomic measures in the articular cartilage and subchondral bone (SCB) of the humeral condyle of cats with or without OA.ResultsThe histomorphometric changes in humeral condyle were concentrated in the medial aspect of the condyle. Cats with OA had a reduction in articular chondrocyte density, an increase in the histopathological score of the articular cartilage and a decrease in the SCB porosity of the medial part of the humeral condyle. An increase in LUM gene expression was observed in OA cartilage from the medial part of the humeral condyle.ConclusionsHistopathological changes identified in OA of the feline humeral condyle appear to primarily affect the medial aspect of the joint. Histological changes suggest that SCB is involved in the OA process in cats. Differentiating which changes represent OA rather than the aging process, or the effects of obesity and or bodyweight requires further investigation.

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Subchondral bone remodeling increases in early experimental osteoarthrosis in young beagle dogs

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Accuracy of cartilage and subchondral bone spatial thickness distribution from MRI

Accuracy of cartilage and subchondral bone spatial thickness distribution from MRI

Subchondral bone and cartilage thickness from MRI: effects of chemical-shift artifact

Histological and molecular characterisation of feline humeral condylar osteoarthritis

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