Subepicardial adipose tissue in human coronary atherosclerosis: another neglected phenomenon

Chaldakov, George N.; Stankulov, Ivan S.; Aloe, Luigi

doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(00)00676-6

Cited by 49 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…While little is known about the pathophysiologic and metabolic roles of epicardial fat, it has been implicated in the development of coronary atherosclerosis. 10 Recent reports have shown that epicardial adipose tissue expresses numerous genes for cytokines and proteins associated with atherosclerosis. [11][12][13] The association between epicardial fat and coronary artery disease has not been studied in clinical settings.…”

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confidence: 99%

Echocardiographic Epicardial Fat Thickness and Coronary Artery Disease

Jeong

Yun

et al. 2007

Circ J

333

244

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confidence: 99%

Echocardiographic Epicardial Fat Thickness and Coronary Artery Disease

Jeong

Yun

et al. 2007

Circ J

333

244

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“…Therefore, estimation of visceral adipose tissue seems to be a key issue and several methods are being applied for this measurement. Epicardial adipose tissue is a type of visceral fat deposited around the heart, particularly around subepicardial coronary vessels, and that has been shown to be implicated in the development of CAD (2). Several studies have also shown the association between the severity of CAD and epicardial fat thickness (EFT), measured by echocardiography, although, to the extent of our knowledge, none of them has evaluated this association with premature CAD (defined as occurrence of atherosclerosis in men under 55 and in women under 65 years of age) (3-5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between epicardial fat thickness and premature coronary artery disease: A case control study

et al. 2015

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Background:The association between epicardial fat thickness (EFT) and premature coronary artery disease (CAD) has not been elaborately studied. Objectives: In the present study, we sought whether such a relationship between EFT and CAD exists. Patients and Methods: Sixty two consecutive subjects, under 50 years of age, who underwent coronary angiography (CAG) with the aspect of CAD, were included in this case control study. They were divided into two groups of 31 subjects, namely CAD (cases) and non-CAD (controls) group, according to CAG data. Presence of conventional coronary risk factors, drug history, and anthropometric data were recorded. Then, each subject underwent standard transthoracic echocardiography for measuring EFT in the proximal part of right ventricular outflow tract in the parasternal long axis view at end diastole, as well as other parameters of systolic and diastolic function, and left ventricle (LV) mass. Images were stored for offline analysis when the echocardiocardiographers were blind to CAG data. Results: Among baseline characteristics, waist circumference, triglyceride levels, cigarette smoking and history of statin use were significantly higher in the CAD group. The body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in the non-CAD group. According to echocardiographic data, the EFT with a cut off value of 2.95 mm could well differentiate subjects in each group. The LV mass and E/e were significantly higher in CAD group, in addition to EFT. Also, there was a significant correlation between EFT and waist circumference, as well as LV mass. However, no significant relation was between EFT and LV systolic and diastolic function. Conclusions:The EFT, as measured by echocardiography, with a cut off value 2.95 mm has a strong association with premature CAD.

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“…Nevertheless, since cellular infiltration of the adventitia shows such a constant relationship to the presence and degree of plaque formation, it should not be disregarded". In 1933, Smith and Willius (cited by 8) however found that "in most instances, a definite relationship between the excess of epicardial fat and the degree of general obesity occurred", suggesting a functional relationship between the epicardial adipose tissue (EAT), including pericoronary adipose tissue (Table 2), and the atherosclerosis of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery (9). Arguably, 11 years ago we introduced for the first time (i) the term "adipokines" for the secretory signaling proteins produced by adipose tissue cells, and (ii) an interactive hypothesis of atherogenesis, suggesting the involvement of intima, adventitia and associated adipose tissue (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the study of adipobiology has become dominated by an apparently increasing list of adipokines implicated in the control of a wide array of physiological and pathological processes (1,(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) including atherogenesis-related processes such as inflammation and vascular tone (21-27). As indicated above, obese adipose tissue is featured by adipocyte hypertrophy leading to hypoxia (16) and invasion of immune cells (4,5); this results in an increased production of pro-inflammatory adipokines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is known that the proximal segments of coronary arteries are surrounded by subEAT, and these are atherosclerosis-prone as compared to the distal, intramyocardial, adipose-free, atherosclerosis-resistant coronaries (1,8,9). However, when EAT is totally absent, as in congenital generalized lipodystrophy, coronary atherosclerosis can still occur, suggesting that a homeostatic presence of adipose tissue is required for coronary artery health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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