Subject of degree and the gender wage differential: evidence from the UK and Germany

Machin, Stephen; Puhani, Patrick A.

doi:10.1016/s0165-1765(03)00027-2

Cited by 164 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

116

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…While all of these studies report that college major is associated with some portion of the wage gap, they differ in the size attributed to college major; in our reading, much of this difference is the result of the extent of aggregation of the college majors; the finer the detail in the measurement of college major, the greater the fraction of the wage gap that is explained by the major. Indeed, Machin and Puhani (2003) demonstrate similarly that college major is important to understanding wage gaps in the UK and Germany, and further indicate that use of more detailed major categories allows one to explain a higher portion of the gender wage gap. Our data have far greater detail on college major than previous research, and we are in addition able to explore the extent to which parametric methods influence inferences drawn about the role of major on wages.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Gender Wage Disparities among the Highly Educated

Black¹,

Haviland²,

Sanders³

et al. 2008

J. Human Resources

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In the U.S. college-educated women earn approximately 30 percent less than their non-Hispanic white male counterparts. We conduct an empirical examination of this wage disparity for four groups of women-non-Hispanic white, black, Hispanic, and Asian-using the National Survey of College Graduates, a large data set that provides unusually detailed information on higher-level education. Nonparametric matching analysis indicates that among men and women who speak English at home, between 44 and 73 percent of the gender wage gaps are accounted for by such pre-market factors as highest degree and major. When we restrict attention further to women who have "high labor force attachment" (i.e., work experience that is similar to male comparables) we account for 54 to 99 percent of gender wage gaps. Our nonparametric approach differs from familiar regression-based decompositions, so for the sake of comparison we conduct parametric analyses as well. Inferences drawn from these latter decompositions can be quite misleading.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Gender Wage Disparities among the Highly Educated

Black¹,

Haviland²,

Sanders³

et al. 2008

J. Human Resources

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Dies gilt auch in Deutschland, wo 70 Prozent der Studierenden in den Sprach-und Geisteswissenschaften im Jahr 2005 weiblich waren, wäh-rend der Anteil weiblicher Studierender in den Naturwissenschaften 37 Prozent und in den Ingenieurswissenschaften nur 20 Prozent betrug (Statistisches Bundesamt 2007: 27). Diese horizontale Segregation führt zu Lohnunterschieden zwischen den Geschlechtern, wie für andere Länder bereits gezeigt werden konnte (Daymont/ Andrisani 1984, Gerhart 1990, Grogger/Eide 1995, Kalmijn/Van der Lippe 1997, Machin/Puhani 2003, Machin/Puhani 2004, Napari 2006 …”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Lohnungleichheiten zwischen Akademikerinnen und Akademikern: Der Einfluss von fachlicher Spezialisierung, frauendominierten Fächern und beruflicher Segregation / Wage Inequality between Male and Female University Graduates: The Influence of Occupational Specialization, Female-Dominated Subjects and Occupational Segregation

Leuze

Strauß

2009

Zeitschrift Für Soziologie

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Zusammenfassung: Auf der Suche nach einer Erklärung für die bestehenden Lohnungleichheiten zwischen Männern und Frauen mit Hochschulabschluss untersucht der Artikel drei verschiedene Erklärungsansätze: Erstens die humankapitaltheoretische Erklärung, dass Frauen durch die Wahl von weniger berufsspezifischen Studienfächern finanzielle Nachteile auf dem Arbeitsmarkt erfahren; zweitens die These der Abwertung von frauendominierten Studienfächern, wie sie von feministisch-kulturellen Theorien beschrieben wird, und drittens die Bedeutung von Berufssegregation für Lohnungleichheiten, die durch die kulturelle Abwertung von Frauenberufen, aber auch durch institutionelle Rahmenbedingungen wie das deutsche System der tariflichen Lohnverhandlungen geprägt ist. Auf der Grundlage des HIS-Absolventenpanels 1997 werden die logarithmierten Brutto-Monatslçhne von vollzeiterwerbstätigen Männern und Frauen fünf Jahre nach Abschluss ihres Studiums modelliert. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen vor allem die These einer Diskriminierung von frauendominierten Studienfächern und Berufen, durch die jeweils 19 bzw. 13 Prozent der Lohnungleichheiten zwischen Akademikerinnen und Akademikern erklärt werden. Die Wahl von berufsunspezifischen Studienfächern scheint hingegen keinen Einfluss auf die Lohnentwicklung zu haben.Summary: This article looks into explanations for the wage inequalities between male and female higher education graduates by examining three different explanations: first, the human capital explanation, which claims that women's financial disadvantages on the labor market are due to their choice of less occupation-specific fields of study; second, the hypothesis of the devaluation of female-dominated subjects, as claimed in feminist cultural theories; and finally, the importance of occupational sex segregation for the gender wage gap as a function of the cultural devaluation of female-dominated occupations as well as national labor market institutions, such as the German system of collective bargaining. On basis of the HIS Absolventenpanel 1997 we estimate the gross monthly income of full-time employed men and women five years after graduation. Above all, the results support the assumption of a discrimination of female-dominated fields of studies and occupations, which explain 19 and 13 percent respectively of the gender wage gap among higher education graduates. The choice of a field of study with low occupational specificity, however, does not seem to have any influence on the income of either men or women.

show abstract

“…There might be discriminatory exclusion of women from "male" jobs (e.g., construction work), which results in an excess supply of labor in "female" occupations and depress female wages. According to literature, the gender wage gap could be caused by: (i) hiring or employer's discrimination (Goldin and Rouse 2000); (ii) choice of entering the labor market due to social expectations (Polachek and Kim 1995); (iii) education, training, and skills (Machin andPuhani 2003, Siddique 2007); (iv) occupational choice (Baker and Fortin 2001);and (v) bearing children (Anderson, Binder, and Krause 2002). Various studies have empirically estimated gender wage gap across countries (Table 1).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Evidence on the Gender Wage Gap in Indonesia

Taniguchi

Tuwo²

2014

SSRN Journal

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Indonesia has been experiencing impressive economic growth and rapid urbanization in recent years. However, urbanization could affect income inequality through people's movement from rural to urban areas. Using the 2010 National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) in Indonesia, this study examines how monthly wages are distributed between male and female workers and tests whether a wage gap exists between them. Regression results reveal that urbanization tends to benefit male workers more favorably, in terms of monthly wages, than female workers. The wage gap tends to be wider among younger workers, particularly among those who are underemployed and severely underemployed. It is also greater among public sector workers than those in the private sector. Gender wage gap in Indonesia is mainly due to gender discrimination. An act to equalize opportunity and wages among workers, especially in the public sector, is proposed. Required Publisher's StatementThis article was first published by the Asian Development Bank (www.adb.org). The authors are highly indebted to Charles Horioka (University of the Philippines), Yoko Niimi (ADB), Sonomi Tanaka (ADB), Sakiko Tanaka (ADB), and Manami Suga (ADB) for their insightful comments. They would also like to thank the participants of the seminar hosted by the Economics and Research Department and the Gender Equity Community of Practice at ADB. All remaining errors are our own. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent. ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANKADB does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this publication and accepts no responsibility for any consequence of their use.By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area, or by using the term "country" in this document, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Note: In this publication, "$" refers to US dollars.The ADB Economics Working Paper Series is a forum for stimulating discussion and eliciting feedback on ongoing and recently completed research and policy studies undertaken by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) staff, consultants, or resource persons. The series deals with key economic and development problems, particularly those facing the Asia and Pacific region; as well as conceptual, analytical, or methodological issues relating to project/program economic analysis, and statistical data and measurement. The series aims to enhance the knowledge on Asia's development and policy challenges; strengthen analytical rigor and quality of ADB's country partnership strategies, and its subregional and country operations; and improve the quality and availability of statistical data and development indicators for monitoring development effectiveness.

show abstract

Subject of degree and the gender wage differential: evidence from the UK and Germany

Cited by 164 publications

References 12 publications

Gender Wage Disparities among the Highly Educated

Gender Wage Disparities among the Highly Educated

New Evidence on the Gender Wage Gap in Indonesia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About