Subjective Cognitive Decline, Cognitive Reserve Indicators, and the Incidence of Dementia

Jia, Feifei; Li, Yanyan; Li, Min; Cao, Fenglin

doi:10.1016/j.jamda.2020.08.005

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Baseline subjective cognitive decline and low cognitive reserve significantly increased the risk of dementia after two years of follow-up. Statistically significant association between subjective cognitive decline and dementia was found only in the low-and medium-level cognitive reserve group, indicating that cognitive reserve attenuated subjective cognitive decline-associated risk of developing dementia [430]. Recent analyses of data from the Rush Memory and Aging Project, involving 1697 dementia-free participants at baseline (mean age: 79.6 years) followed up to 21 years, found that the highest cognitive reserve was related to a slower decline in global cognition, episodic memory, and working memory compared to the lowest in multi-adjusted mixed-effect models.…”

Section: Social Engagementmentioning

confidence: 88%

Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

et al. 2021

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Multiple factors combined are currently recognized as contributors to cognitive decline. The main independent risk factor for cognitive impairment and dementia is advanced age followed by other determinants such as genetic, socioeconomic, and environmental factors, including nutrition and physical activity. In the next decades, a rise in dementia cases is expected due largely to the aging of the world population. There are no hitherto effective pharmaceutical therapies to treat age-associated cognitive impairment and dementia, which underscores the crucial role of prevention. A relationship among diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors with cognitive function has been intensively studied with mounting evidence supporting the role of these determinants in the development of cognitive decline and dementia, which is a chief cause of disability globally. Several dietary patterns, foods, and nutrients have been investigated in this regard, with some encouraging and other disappointing results. This review presents the current evidence for the effects of dietary patterns, dietary components, some supplements, physical activity, sleep patterns, and social engagement on the prevention or delay of the onset of age-related cognitive decline and dementia.

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Section: Social Engagementmentioning

confidence: 88%

Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

et al. 2021

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“…There are poor data on the relationship between cognitive reserve proxies and age at the onset of SCD. The majority of the studies focused on the role of cognitive reserve in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD [ 11 , 34 ] and on the interaction between cognitive reserve and age at onset on the progression of cognitive decline. Furthermore, previous studies on SCD showed that lower cognitive reserve is associated with greater overall memory concerns [ 3 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in cognitive reserve: implication for subjective cognitive decline in women

et al. 2021

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Background Subjective Cognitive Decline (SCD) is a self-experienced decline in cognitive capacity with normal performance on standardized cognitive tests, showing to increase risk of Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). Cognitive reserve seems to influence the progression from SCD to Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and to AD. The aim of our study was to investigate gender differences in cognitive reserve evaluating how sex might modulate the role of cognitive reserve on SCD. Methods We included 381 SCD patients who underwent clinical evaluation, neuropsychological assessment, evaluation of premorbid intelligence by the Test di Intelligenza Breve (TIB), cognitive complaints by the Memory Assessment Clinics Questionnaire (MAC-Q), and apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotyping. Results The proportion between women and men was significantly different (68.7% [95% CI 63.9–73.4 vs 31.4%, 95% CI 26.6–36.0]). Women were younger than men at onset of SCD and at the baseline visit (p = 0.021), had lower years of education (p = 0.007), lower TIB scores (p < 0.001), and higher MAC-Q scores (p = 0.012). TIB was directly associated with age at onset of SCD in both women and men, while years of education was inversely associated with age at onset only in women. Multivariate analysis showed that sex influences TIB independently from years of education. TIB was directly associated with MAC-Q in men. Conclusions Sex interacts with premorbid intelligence and education level in influencing the age at onset and the severity of SCD. As the effect of education was different between men and women, we speculated that education might act as a minor contributor of cognitive reserve in women.

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“…First, brain entropy analysis is particularly suited to characterize the intrinsic abnormality in SCD. The reserved normal cognitive performance in SCD is related to the adaptive capacity of the human brain [ 41 ]. As indicated in [ 42 ], normal physiology requires an intricate network to control function effectively, and greater underlying system complexity better enables a system to restore the steady-state after perturbation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Decreased Resting-State Functional Complexity in Elderly with Subjective Cognitive Decline

Song

Liu

et al. 2021

Entropy

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Individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) are at high risk of developing preclinical or clinical state of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, which can indirectly reflect neuron activities by measuring the blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signals, is promising in the early detection of SCD. This study aimed to explore whether the nonlinear complexity of BOLD signals can describe the subtle differences between SCD and normal aging, and uncover the underlying neuropsychological implications of these differences. In particular, we introduce amplitude-aware permutation entropy (AAPE) as the novel measure of brain entropy to characterize the complexity in BOLD signals in each brain region of the Brainnetome atlas. Our results demonstrate that AAPE can reflect the subtle differences between both groups, and the SCD group presented significantly decreased complexities in subregions of the superior temporal gyrus, the inferior parietal lobule, the postcentral gyrus, and the insular gyrus. Moreover, the results further reveal that lower complexity in SCD may correspond to poorer cognitive performance or even subtle cognitive impairment. Our findings demonstrated the effectiveness and sensitiveness of the novel brain entropy measured by AAPE, which may serve as the potential neuroimaging marker for exploring the subtle changes in SCD.

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Subjective Cognitive Decline, Cognitive Reserve Indicators, and the Incidence of Dementia

Cited by 32 publications

References 42 publications

Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Other Lifestyle Factors in the Prevention of Cognitive Decline and Dementia

Gender differences in cognitive reserve: implication for subjective cognitive decline in women

Decreased Resting-State Functional Complexity in Elderly with Subjective Cognitive Decline

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