Subsistence, sustainability, and sea mammals: Reconstructing the international whaling regime

Young, Oran R.; Freeman, Milton M. R.; Osherenko, Gail; Andersen, Raoul; Caulfield, Richard A.; Friedheim, Robert L.; Langdon, Steve J.; Ris, Mats; Usher, Peter J.

doi:10.1016/0964-5691(94)90077-9

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Young et al. (1994) asserted that subsistence ‘is properly understood as a system or mode of production in which the allocation of products is organized around family and kinship groups’, regardless of whether monetized exchange or traditional practices are involved.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A group of social scientists attempted during the early 1990s to redefine the whaling debate, in part by establishing new concepts or applying existing concepts to whaling (Young et al. , 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The latter was broken down into three categories: aboriginal subsistence whaling (see earlier), other subsistence whaling and artisanal whaling. Young et al. (1994) saw no meaningful distinction between the first two categories and offered the hunt for Long‐finned Pilot Whales in the Faroe Islands as an example of non‐aboriginal ‘subsistence’ whaling (Sanderson, 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is in this sense that proponents of local, small-scale whaling claim that their continued ability to engage in this activity represents a 'cultural need' (Huntington, 1999). Young et al (1994) asserted that subsistence 'is properly understood as a system or mode of production in which the allocation of products is organized around family and kinship groups', regardless of whether monetized exchange or traditional practices are involved. These authors explicitly assumed that such a system or mode of production would be accompanied by 'devices for regulating the behaviour of individual participants which differ from the more familiar devices of market or command systems'.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In view of their degree of self‐government and the extent of their constitutionally protected rights, Nuttall (1994) considered it ‘doubtful’ that the whaling by Greenlanders should qualify as aboriginal. In contrast, Young et al. (1994) seemed to consider that the occupation of a particular territory and use of the same regional resources ‘over long periods of time’ constitute a fair test of a group’s aboriginal or indigenous status.…”

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The origins and character of ‘aboriginal subsistence’ whaling: a global review

Reeves¹

2002

Mammal Review

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The International Whaling Commission (IWC) recognizes aboriginal subsistence whaling to be distinct from commercial whaling, and these two broad categories of whaling are subject to different management approaches. This paper describes recent, ongoing and likely future whale hunts that qualify, or may qualify, for aboriginal subsistence status within the IWC’s management framework. To ensure conservation of the whale populations, a forthright exposition of the origins, development and character of these hunts is needed in addition to stock assessment, a risk‐averse catch limit algorithm and appropriate mechanisms within the whaling communities to ensure compliance. The hunts for Bowhead Whales (Balaena mysticetus) and Gray Whales (Eschrichtius robustus) in the Arctic and North Pacific, respectively, and Sperm Whales (Physeter macrocephalus) in Indonesia have long histories and local origins. Those for Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Lesser Antilles and at Tonga in the South Pacific were introduced by foreign commercial whalers. Whale hunting in the Philippines appears to have originated both locally and as a result of foreign influence. The relatively recent initiation of whaling for Fin Whales (Balaenoptera physalus) and Minke Whales (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) in Greenland required introduced technology but can be viewed as a modern adaptation of an ancient tradition. Consensus in deciding how to classify and manage non‐industrial whaling has been, and will remain, elusive. Even with common definitions of key terms such as ‘subsistence’, ‘commercial’ and ‘aboriginal’, interpretations will depend on whether one’s priorities are whale‐centred or human‐centred.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Definitionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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