Substituent Groups

Bazzini, Patrick; Wermuth, Camille G.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-417205-0.00013-4

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The methyl group, which is so often considered to be chemically inert, is able to significantly alter the pharmacological properties of a molecule. 1 The methyl group affects micromolecules and biomacromolecules through stereoelectronic effects to increase their potency against enzyme metabolism or changes in the physiochemical properties of bioactive compounds. 2 The importance of the methyl group on arenes or heteroarenes is widely recognized, whereas the importance of the methyl group in alkyl or vinyl chains is less well understood.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron catalyzed methylation and ethylation of vinyl arenes

2017

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confidence: 99%

Iron catalyzed methylation and ethylation of vinyl arenes

2017

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“…In general, a methyl group in a conjugated system contributes electron density through an inductive effect that is unaffected by solution pH [35]. The Hammett equation describes the thermodynamic equilibrium effects of substituents on aromatic rings for different kinds of reactions where a reaction center is attached to the aromatic ring [36].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidation-reduction and photophysical properties of isomeric forms of Safranin

Andersen

Wang

Khoo

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Safranine O is widely used in the bioenergetics community as an indicator dye to determine membrane potentials and as an electron transfer mediator in potentiometric titrations. Here we show that two different commercial preparations of Safranine O contain less than sixty percent by weight of the title compound, with the rest primarily consisting of two closely related safranine isomers. All three major isomer components were isolated using reverse phase HPLC and their structures determined using mass spectrometry and two-dimensional NMR. These Safranines have two-electron midpoint potentials ranging from −272 to −315 mV vs. SHE. We have also investigated the absorption and fluorescence spectra of the compounds and found that they display distinct spectral and photophysical properties. While this mixture may aid in Safranine O’s utility as a mediator compound, membrane potential measurements must take this range of dye potentials into account.

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“…On the other hand, H 2 O in the right hand of Equation (1) contributes to the electrolytic polymerization of isoprene molecule and oleic acid which is coated around Fe 3 O 4 particle as shown by A and B in Figure 4, whose mechanism has been presented in the previous study [1,5]. The oleic acid molecule coated around Fe 3 O 4 particles is ionized by the mesomeric effect [25] as shown by Equation (A1) in Appendix A and by “E” in Figure 4.…”

Section: Adhesion Of Rubber and Metalmentioning

confidence: 85%

Novel Adhesion Technique Using Metallic or Non-Metallic Hydrous Oxide of Metal Complexes Involving Magnetic Compound Fluid Rubber under Electrolytic Polymerization and Magnetic Field for Producing Sensors

Shimada

Kikura

Takahashi

et al. 2019

Sensors

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As per sequential studies on new types of soft rubber for the artificial skin of robots, smart sensors, etc., we have proposed and investigated hybrid skin (H-Skin) and haptic sensors by using magnetic compound fluid (MCF), compounding natural rubber latex (NR-latex), and applying electric and magnetic fields. Through electrolytic polymerization, the MCF rubber is solidified. The MCF rubber has hybrid sensing functions and photovoltaic effects, and electric charge as battery. In case of the production of soft rubber sensors, however, the problem of adhesion between metal electrodes and rubber is very important. In the present study, we propose a novel adhesive technique for bonding the metal electrodes and MCF rubber by using metallic or non-metallic hydrous oxide, which is a metal complex, via electrolytic polymerization. The anionic radical hydrate reacts with the isoprene molecules of NR-latex or chloroprene rubber latex (CR-latex) such that they are cross-linked and the MCF rubber with the hydrate is solidified, which can be represented via a chemical reaction equation. By means of this adhesive technique, we presented five cases of sensors fabricated using metal electrodes and rubbers. This technique is applicable for novel cohesion between rubber and metal.

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Substituent Groups

Cited by 14 publications

References 73 publications

Iron catalyzed methylation and ethylation of vinyl arenes

Iron catalyzed methylation and ethylation of vinyl arenes

Oxidation-reduction and photophysical properties of isomeric forms of Safranin

Novel Adhesion Technique Using Metallic or Non-Metallic Hydrous Oxide of Metal Complexes Involving Magnetic Compound Fluid Rubber under Electrolytic Polymerization and Magnetic Field for Producing Sensors

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