Subtitle-Based Word Frequencies as the Best Estimate of Reading Behavior: The Case of Greek

Dimitropoulou, María; Duñabeitia, Jon Andoni; Avilés, Alberto; Corral, José; Carreiras, Manuel

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00218

Cited by 46 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(110 reference statements)

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“…Given that the correlations involving objective frequency measures are less high than those involving the subjective frequency measure, this suggests that the objective frequency measures computed for idiomatic expressions are a less valid index of the true frequencies of encounter of the expressions. In the word reading literature, it is assumed that the higher the correlation of a given word frequency measure is with RT data (e.g., lexical decision), the better this measure indexes the true frequency with which the participants have encountered the words (Dimitropoulou, Duñabeitia, Avilés, Corral, & Carreiras, 2010). We follow the same line of reasoning here.…”

Section: Scoring Of the Rt Datamentioning

confidence: 78%

Norms and comprehension times for 305 French idiomatic expressions

2013

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We report psycholinguistic norms for 305 French idiomatic expressions (Study 1). For each of the idiomatic expressions, the following variables are reported: knowledge, predictability, literality, compositionality, subjective and objective frequency, familiarity, age of acquisition (AoA), and length. In addition, we have collected comprehension times for each idiom (Study 2). The psycholinguistic relevance of the collected norms is explained, and different analyses (descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple regression analyses) performed on the norms are reported and discussed. The entire set of norms and reading times are provided as supplemental material.

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Section: Scoring Of the Rt Datamentioning

confidence: 78%

Norms and comprehension times for 305 French idiomatic expressions

2013

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“…Surface frequency values gathered from subtitles are the values that we opted for, because subtitle frequencies are available for the Spanish and English languages and are also thought to be more representative of the language in use than are printed frequencies (Cuetos, González-Nosti, Barbón, & Brysbaert, 2011;Dimitropoulou, Duñabeitia, Avilés, Corral, & Carreiras, 2010).…”

Section: Word Frequencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Age of acquisition and imageability norms for base and morphologically complex words in English and in Spanish

et al. 2015

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The extent to which processing words involves breaking them down into smaller units or morphemes or is the result of an interactive activation of other units, such as meanings, letters, and sounds (e.g., dis-agree-ment vs. disagreement), is currently under debate. Disentangling morphology from phonology and semantics is often a methodological challenge, because orthogonal manipulations are difficult to achieve (e.g., semantically unrelated words are often phonologically related: casual-casualty and, vice versa, sign-signal). The present norms provide a morphological classification of 3,263 suffixed derived words from two widely spoken languages: English (2,204 words) and Spanish (1,059 words). Morphologically complex words were sorted into four categories according to the nature of their relationship with the base word: phonologically transparent (friend-friendly), phonologically opaque (child-children), semantically transparent (habit-habitual), and semantically opaque (event-eventual). In addition, ratings were gathered for age of acquisition, imageability, and semantic distance (i.e., the extent to which the meaning of the complex derived form could be drawn from the meaning of its base constituents). The norms were completed by adding values for word frequency; word length in number of phonemes, letters, and syllables; lexical similarity, as measured by the number of neighbors; and morphological family size. A series of comparative analyses from the collated ratings for the base and derived words were also carried out. The results are discussed in relation to recent findings.Keywords Age of acquisition . Morphology . Phonology . Semantics . English . SpanishThe phonological, orthographic, morphological, and semantic characteristics of words are central elements in word processing research. This is because finding out how the mind interacts with the structures of language (i.e., its sounds, its letters, its morphemes, and the meaning of its words) has proved to be a successful method of understanding the cognitive basis of language production and comprehension (Brysbaert, Van Wijnendaele, & De Deyne, 2000;Cattell, 1886;Davies, Barbón, & Cuetos, 2013;Duñabeitia, Laka, Perea, & Carreiras, 2009;Frederiksen & Kroll, 1976;Izura, Hernández-Muñoz, & Ellis, 2005;Lavidor & Ellis, 2002;Levelt, 1989;Macizo & Bajo, 2006;Marslen-Wilson, Tyler, Waksler, & Older, 1994;Pérez, 2007).Morphology, in particular, refers to the compositional structure that meaning has within the words in a language. Thus, words are often composed of smaller meaningful units called morphemes (e.g., home-work, penni-less, review-ed). Morphemes can both stand alone as monomorphemic words (e.g., truth) and be bonded to other morphemes as part of polymorphemic words (e.g., -ful in truthful). Morphologically complex words consist of a core morpheme, called root, base, or stem, and one or several add-on morphemes called affixes. In languages such as English and Spanish, affixes can be placed either at the beginning of the word (e.g., fore-in for...

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“…Recent work has found that the number of different contexts in which a word occurs can be more informative than the token frequency (Adelman, Brown, & Quesada, 2006;Brysbaert & New, 2009;Dimitropoulou et al, 2010;Keuleers et al, 2010;Perea, Soares, & Comesaña, 2013). The original EsPal subtitles database described above uses all the files available, so some shows are multiply represented.…”

Section: Subtitle Corpus Contextual Diversity Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of studies have shown that, across many languages, word frequencies derived from movie subtitle corpora provide a better account for various psycholinguistic effects (Brysbaert, New, & Keuleers, 2012;Cai & Brysbaert, 2010;Cuetos-Vega et al, 2011;Dimitropoulou, Duñabeitia, Avilés, Corral, & Carreiras, 2010;Keuleers, Brysbaert, & New, 2010;New, Brysbaert, Veronis, & Pallier, 2007). However, properties from written corpora have in the past been more common and may better predict some phenomena, so it is useful to have different sources of data available for researchers, depending on their goals.…”

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confidence: 99%

EsPal: One-stop shopping for Spanish word properties

et al. 2013

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This article introduces EsPal: a Web-accessible repository containing a comprehensive set of properties of Spanish words. EsPal is based on an extensible set of data sources, beginning with a 300 million token written database and a 460 million token subtitle database. Properties available include word frequency, orthographic structure and neighborhoods, phonological structure and neighborhoods, and subjective ratings such as imageability. Subword structure properties are also available in terms of bigrams and trigrams, biphones, and bisyllables. Lemma and part-of-speech information and their corresponding frequencies are also indexed. The website enables users either to upload a set of words to receive their properties or to receive a set of words matching constraints on the properties. The properties themselves are easily extensible and will be added over time as they become available. It is freely available from the following website: http:// www.bcbl.eu/databases/espal/. Keywords Word frequency . Subtitles . Word recognition . Corpus linguistics . PsycholinguisticsResearchers from a wide range of disciplines (e.g., neuroscience, artificial intelligence, psychology, linguistics, and education, among others) who work in the interdisciplinary area of language research (e.g., language acquisition, language processing, language learning, bilingualism, and computational linguistics) need quick and efficient access to information about specific properties of words. For example, word frequency is a dominant factor in accounting for visual word recognition speed as measured by lexical decision times (Forster & Chambers, 1973;Monsell, 1991) and eye fixation durations during reading (Rayner, 2009). Unsurprisingly, reading behavior as measured by, for example, lexical decision, naming, fixation times, and so on is affected by a wide range of other properties of words, including orthographic neighborhood

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Subtitle-Based Word Frequencies as the Best Estimate of Reading Behavior: The Case of Greek

Cited by 46 publications

References 49 publications

Norms and comprehension times for 305 French idiomatic expressions

Norms and comprehension times for 305 French idiomatic expressions

Age of acquisition and imageability norms for base and morphologically complex words in English and in Spanish

EsPal: One-stop shopping for Spanish word properties

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