The establishment of English and French corpora has provided great convenience for language application and research. However, in the field of Japanese language research, the construction of Japanese corpus has been slow due to the limitation of Japanese markup format. This paper discusses the scientificity, rationality, feasibility, and construction of “microcorpus” and “specialized corpus” for the application of Japanese corpus in Japanese language teaching. Textual corpus is a corpus that contains all text but no media such as audio and pictures, and it is mostly used in teaching. The Japanese language corpus is a corpus created by analyzing the existing Japanese classroom teaching situation in response to the current reform of Japanese language teaching mode. It is important for teaching Japanese in colleges and universities because it can help students to learn independently and improve their learning initiative and motivation. The teaching-based text corpus is a small corpus for Japanese language teaching and learning, which is derived from the teaching process. The corpus can be created independently on an ordinary PC machine through software, and the collected corpus can be imported into the corpus and used, which provides another way to improve students’ interest and learning ability on their own. Based on the search software, this paper selects representative novels from the Aozora Library and creates a simple corpus to serve the teaching of Japanese interpretation, which improves the teaching effect. At the same time, this paper discusses the boundaries and difficulties of individual self-built corpora with a view to making breakthroughs and progress in future research and development.