Successful Medical Management of Peritonitis in a Great Dane Dog

Snake envenomation in two cattle: clinical/laboratory aspects and treatment using equine-derived antivenin of Viperidae

“…The clinical findings observed in these snake bite cases were similar to those reported by other investigators [1][2][3]7,8]. Local (Figures 1a and 1b) and systemic findings could be evaluated as mild (Case 1) and/or moderate (Case 2) according to snake bite severity scores as reported in the literature [6].…”

“…Clinically, local and systemic (pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematologic, neurologic) disorders are observed in cases of snake bites [6]. These findings vary depending on the species and size of the snake, the fullness of the venom glands, the size of the bitten animal, the location of the bite, the number of bites, the thickness of the hair coat, and the quantity of subcutaneous adipose tissue [1,7]. Clinical severity is scored at 3 levels, as minimum, moderate, or severe [6].…”

“…Clinical severity is scored at 3 levels, as minimum, moderate, or severe [6]. Similarly, changes in hematological and biochemical parameters reflecting clinical pathology are observed according to degree of exposure and/or etiological variables [2,7,8].…”

“…It has been reported that antivenin prevents systemic effects but does not contribute to the reduced size of local swelling in the bite area [9]. Treatment also includes symptomatic and supportive treatment modalities whether or not antivenin treatment is initiated [1][2][3]6,7].…”