Suitability of FDTD-based TCAD tools for RF design of mobile phones

Chavannes, N.; Tay, R.; Nikoloski, Neviana; Kuster, Niels

doi:10.1109/map.2003.1282180

Cited by 67 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Generally, the metallic components play an important role in the radiation performance of the antenna, while the nonmetallic elements, such as plastic materials, affect the resonant frequency. The dielectric properties of the components shown in Table 5 are from previous studies [13,14]. The metallic parts were modeled as a perfect electric conductor (PEC) and are the antenna, main board, battery, metal chassis, connector, and earpiece.…”

Section: Structure and Characteristics Of Representative Phone Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Implementation of Representative Mobile Phone Models for Epidemiological Studies

Lee¹,

Yoon²,

Lee³

et al. 2016

Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science

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This paper describes an implementation method and the results of numerical mobile phone models representing real phone models that have been released on the Korean market since 2002. The aim is to estimate the electromagnetic absorption in the human brain for casecontrol studies to investigate health risks related to mobile phone use. Specific absorption rate (SAR) compliance test reports about commercial phone models were collected and classified in terms of elements such as the external body shape, the antenna, and the frequency band. The design criteria of a numerical phone model representing each type of phone group are as follows. The outer dimensions of the phone body are equal to the average dimensions of all commercial models with the same shape. The distance and direction of the maximum SAR from the earpiece and the area above -3 dB of the maximum SAR are fitted to achieve the average obtained by measuring the SAR distributions of the corresponding commercial models in a flat phantom. Spatial peak 1-g SAR values in the cheek and tilt positions against the specific anthropomorphic mannequin phantom agree with average data on all of the same type of commercial models. Second criterion was applied to only a few types of models because not many commercial models were available. The results show that, with the exception of one model, the implemented numerical phone models meet criteria within 30%. This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/ by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. ⓒ

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Section: Structure and Characteristics Of Representative Phone Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Implementation of Representative Mobile Phone Models for Epidemiological Studies

Lee¹,

Yoon²,

Lee³

et al. 2016

Journal of electromagnetic engineering and science

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“…All metallic parts were modeled as perfect electric conductors (PEC), that is, antenna, shields, and connectors. The same dielectric parameters as applied in Chavannes et al [2003] were used (see Table 3). The printed circuit board (PCB) originally consisted of just one single PEC block; this was modified to represent internal losses.…”

Section: Numerical Phonementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The printed circuit board (PCB) originally consisted of just one single PEC block; this was modified to represent internal losses. One dielectric layer was consequently embedded into two PEC ground layers, connected using 50 interconnecting vias uniformly distributed over the entire PCB area [Chavannes et al, 2003]. The source was modeled as a discrete voltage edge source, placed between the PCB ground layer and the isolated PEC region connected to the antenna (air gap of 4 mm, see Fig.…”

Section: Numerical Phonementioning

confidence: 99%

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Dosimetric evaluation and comparison of different RF exposure apparatuses used in human volunteer studies

Boutry

Kühn

Achermann

et al. 2007

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…Electromagnetic (EM) simulation tools are often used to portray the antenna and human body interaction for the safety assessment of the RF antennas used with wearable devices. This method faces difficulty in realizing the intricate structures of the body and matching realistic physical settings [3,4]. The differences between simulated and real-time measurements lower the precision of RF exposure compliance [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Specific Absorption Rate Using Infrared Thermography for the Biocompatibility of Wearable Wireless Devices

Karthik¹,

Rao²

2017

PIER M

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Abstract-Wearable wireless technology has developed as an exciting topic over the last couple of years. With the extensive use of Wearable Wireless Devices (WWD) in greater proximity to the body for various wireless applications, the concern about biological effects due to the interaction of human tissues with the radiations is growing. In this research, we investigate the application of Infrared Thermography (IRT) to obtain temperature dynamics and reconstruct Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) to evaluate the exposure amenability of WWDs. A microstrip monopole antenna on a wearable substrate is used to determine the biological effects of the interaction of electromagnetic (EM) waves on the body. SAR is obtained using EM field simulations and by reconstruction from thermal measurements with the use of bio-heat equations for a continuous exposure of 300 s. Validation of IRT to reconstruct SAR is demonstrated by comparison with EM computations. The maximum SAR was 32 mW/kg, for simulations and 35 mW/kg, from reconstruction after IRT experiments. The maximum temperature change in both cases was always less than 1 • C. The difference between the SAR obtained through IRT and simulation tools accounted for an average of 8.7%. Information acquired using IR temperature dynamics can yield SAR values which can assess radio frequency exposure compliance for WWD at frequencies used for modern wireless technologies, with reliability.

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Suitability of FDTD-based TCAD tools for RF design of mobile phones

Cited by 67 publications

References 18 publications

Numerical Implementation of Representative Mobile Phone Models for Epidemiological Studies

Numerical Implementation of Representative Mobile Phone Models for Epidemiological Studies

Dosimetric evaluation and comparison of different RF exposure apparatuses used in human volunteer studies

Estimation of Specific Absorption Rate Using Infrared Thermography for the Biocompatibility of Wearable Wireless Devices

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