Sulfonamide-Selective Ambient Mass Spectrometry Ion Source Obtained by Modification of an Iron Sheet with a Hydrophilic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer

Abstract

We have described a sulfonamide-selective ambient ion source coupled with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for selective extraction and determination of trace sulfonamide antibiotics. It is obtained by modifying an iron sheet with a sulfadiazine-templated hydrophilic molecularly imprinted polymer (SF-HMIP). It behaves as both an online extractor and a MS ion source. Five sulfonamide antibiotics, including sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), sulfamerazine (SMR), sulfisoxazole (SIZ), sulfathiazole (ST), and sulfameter (SMD), were chosen to evaluate SF-HMIP coupled with ESI-MS, which showed good linearity in the range of 0.2–1000 ng/mL with correlation coefficient values (R 2) over 0.9946. The limits of detection (LODs) for analysis of pure water and honey were in the range of 0.1–0.2 and 0.2–1.5 ng/mL, respectively. Limits of quantitation (LOQs) for analysis of pure water and honey were in the range of 0.3–0.5 and 1.0–5.0 ng/mL, respectively. The results demonstrated that SF-HMIP combined with ESI-MS could be applied for the direct analysis of five trace sulfonamide compounds in honey and pure water with recoveries ranging from 76 to 129%.

A Novel Multiarmed Bifunctional PEG Derivative for the Preparation of Mass Spectrometry Ion Sources with Antifouling Property and High Selectivity

“…Therefore, it is necessary to improve the selectivity of the mass spectrometry ion source to the target. Researchers usually modify materials with adsorption properties (molecularly imprinted polymers, covalent organic frameworks (COFs), and aptamers) on the surface of ionization carriers to prepare mass spectrometry ion sources with great selectivity, low cost, and easy operation, which promote the in situ and real-time rapid analysis of multiple targets. − However, the limited selectivity makes the tedious sample pretreatment necessary, which is often makes it difficult to achieve direct, simple, and sensitive analysis of multiple residues in complex matrices. Our group prepared a broad-spectrum antibody-modified graphene oxide-coated ionization substrate for rapid and highly sensitive analysis of fluoroquinolone drugs in complex matrices .…”

Development of Magnetic Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Coupled Nanospray Ion Source for Analysis of Cephalosporin Antibiotics in Food Samples

“…These nanomaterials possess large surface areas, specific interactions, and high adsorption capacities, which enable the selective extraction of the analytes of interest from complex matrices . In addition, the cost-effective synthetic methods allow these sorbents coated on solid substrates, such as wooden tips, stainless steel, and tungsten wire, to expand the application of AIMS. , Among various nanomaterial based adsorbents, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) draw special interest due to their well-known high selectivity. , Magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) has high extraction efficiency compared to other types of SPE techniques. The sorbents were directly dispersed into the liquid sample or extract, which afforded rapid extraction of analytes in MSPE.…”

“…To compensate for the limitations of AIMS and improve its performance in food analysis, sample pretreatment methods have been adopted prior to or directly integrated into the AIMS analysis. For example, coated blade spray has been used as a solid-phase microextraction (SPME) means to achieve selective enrichment of analytes from liquid samples or extracts. − In the past several decades, various nanomaterials have been introduced into the sample pretreatment step and explored as sorbents of solid-phase adsorption based extraction methods. These nanomaterials possess large surface areas, specific interactions, and high adsorption capacities, which enable the selective extraction of the analytes of interest from complex matrices .…”

Hydrophilic Covalent Organic Frameworks Coated Steel Sheet As a Mass Spectrometric Ionization Source for the Direct Determination of Zearalenone and Its Derivatives

“…With the advantages of strong separation ability and high sensitivity, HPLC–MS/MS is a preferred method for ZEAs analysis. , However, tedious sample pretreatment procedure and time-consuming column separation make it unable to meet the needs of rapid detection. , Ambient mass spectrometry (AMS), which could achieve direct analysis in an open environment with minimized sample pretreatment, was first proposed by Cooks in 2004. − Since then, AMS techniques such as desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), direct analysis in real-time (DART), and desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI) have been developed based on different mechanisms. As a branch of AMS, solid-substrate electrospray ionization (ESI) has shown good potential for the analysis of small molecules by loading the sample directly on substrate surface and ionized to MS. To date, solid substrates such as paper, leaf, wood, glass rods, and tungsten wires have been reported . However, due to the lack of selectivity, these materials cannot effectively enrich trace compounds.…”

“…As a branch of AMS, solid-substrate electrospray ionization (ESI) has shown good potential for the analysis of small molecules by loading the sample directly on substrate surface and ionized to MS. To date, solid substrates such as paper, 19 leaf, 20 wood, 21 glass rods, 22 and tungsten wires 23 have been reported. 24 However, due to the lack of selectivity, these materials cannot effectively enrich trace compounds. Thus, detecting low level of targets remains an enormous challenge.…”