Sulfur amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis in young sheep fed ryegrass pasture and two Lotus cultivars containing condensed tannin

Lee, J; Harris, P. M.; Sinclair, B. R.; Treloar, BP

doi:10.1071/ar9951587

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Experimental diets containing high concentrations of CT depressed dry matter intake and weight gain in herbivorous mammals (Dietz et al 1994;Voltura and Wunder 1994;Lee et al 1995). A reduction in the utilization of dietary protein For personal use only.…”

Section: Function and Location Of Condensed Tannins In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the effects of forage condensed tannins on ruminal fermentation and bloat in grazing cattle

McMahon¹,

McAllister²,

Berg³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Plant Sci.

239

178

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[469][470][471][472][473][474][475][476][477][478][479][480][481][482][483][484][485]. Condensed tannins (CT) are polyphenolic secondary plant products that are widespread in the plant kingdom. By definition, CT bind to protein and are regarded as "antinutritional" compounds which reduce protein digestibility. Variations in CT chemistry alter protein binding capacities among polymers from different plant species and developmental stages. Condensed tannins interact with proteins in feed, saliva and microbial cells, with microbial exoenzymes, and with endogenous proteins or other feed components, which alters digestive processes as compared with diets free of CT. Tannin levels exceeding 40 to 50 g kg -1 DM in forages may reduce protein and DM digestibility of the forages by ruminants. At low to moderate levels, CT increase the quantity of dietary protein, especially essential amino acids, flowing to the small intestine. Unlike alfalfa, legumes that contain CT do not cause bloat. Dietary CT may provide a means to beneficially manipulate protein digestion and/or prevent pasture bloat in ruminants. Research efforts are also currently being directed to genetically modify alfalfa to de-repress its CT biosynthetic pathway, or to move genes encoding steps of this pathway into alfalfa from other legumes. The effects of CT in forage legumes on digestion in ruminants and the potential use of tannin-rich forages for preventing bloat in grazing systems are discussed. Les tanins condensés (TC) sont des substances secondaires polyphénoliques répandues dans le règne végétal. Par essence fixés aux protéines, ils sont considérés comme substances antinutritionnelles qui réduisent la digestibilité des protéines. Leur constitution chimique, et par conséquent leur aptitude à se fixer aux protéines, fluctue selon la nature et le stade de croissance des espèces végétales. Les tanins condensés interagissent avec les protéines dans les aliments du bétail, dans la salive et dans les cellules microbiennes; avec les exoenzymes microbiens et avec les protéines endogènes ou avec d'autres composants des aliments du bétail, modifiant ainsi le processus de la digestion par rapport aux aliments sans TC. Des teneurs en tanins de plus de 40 à 50 g kg -1 m.s. dans les fourrages peuvent abaisser la digestibilité des protéines et de la matière sèche chez les ruminants. À des niveaux faibles à moyens, les TC accroissent le flux de protéines alimentaires, en particulier celui des acides aminés essentiels, vers l'intestin grêle. À la différence de la luzerne, les légumineuses qui contiennent des TC ne provoquent pas le météorisme. L'apport de TC dans l'alimentation des animaux peut être un moyen de manipuler positivement la digestion des protéines ou de prévenir le météorisme chez les ruminants au pâturage. Les recherches s'orientent également ves la modification génétique de la luzerne pour contrer l'inhibition de la biosynthèse des TC ou pour introduire dans l'espèce, à partir d'autres légumineuses, des gènes codant pour certaines étapes de cette voie....

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Section: Function and Location Of Condensed Tannins In Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the effects of forage condensed tannins on ruminal fermentation and bloat in grazing cattle

McMahon¹,

McAllister²,

Berg³

et al. 2000

Can. J. Plant Sci.

239

178

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2 Other results reported ranged from 6% to 57% of the ILR of Cys in other breeds of sheep. 3,11,12 Cys is partially oxidized when protein is hydrolysed in 6 N HCl. 13 Without protection the oxidation resulted in a very low peak area for Cys when the hydrolysate was analysed by GC/MS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 The radiation from these chemicals limits their applications in nutrition and biochemical studies in humans and animals. Using stable isotope labelled amino acids has the advantage of there being no radiation hazards to humans and animals, 4 but to our knowledge there are no published papers on measuring TS in vivo by using stable isotopes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses of [2,3,3-d3]Serine, [2,3,3-d3]cysteine and [3-13C]cysteine in plasma and skin protein: measurement of transsulphuration in young sheep

Liu

Figliomeni

1998

Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom.

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A new procedure using stable isotope labelled serine (L-[2,3,3-d3] serine) and cysteine (L[13-3-13 C] cysteine) and analysis by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) has been developed to measure transsulphuration in sheep. The enrichments of the tracers in plasma and skin biopsy samples were measured by GC/electron impact MS analysis of the t-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives. The measured recoveries of the standards enriched with [3-13 C] cysteine from 0.1% to 8%, or with [2,3,3-d3] serine from 0.14% to 14% were greater than 99% of the theoretical values, and the variation coefficients were less than 3% when the enrichment was higher than 0.5%. The use of dithiothreitold (DTT) as a reducing agent before deproteinization of the sample and during the derivatizations successfully increased the cysteine peak area and significantly improved reproducibility in the analysis. The cysteine residues in protein from the skin biopsy were also during the protein hydrolysis with DTT in 6 n HCI. The method was applied to measure transsulphuration of methionine in young sheep. The amount of cysteine derived from transsulphuration accounted for 17% to 21% of the irreversible loss rate of cysteine, depending on the substrate supplies. The results are consistent with other reports. Compared with conventional methods of measuring transsulphuration using radioactive isotopes, the processes of animal experimentation was sample analysis were simple, and there were no radiation hazards. The method should prove useful in studies on the metabolism of methionine and cysteine in human and animals.

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Effects of betaine and sulfate supplementation on milk and wool production of Naeini ewes

Nezamidoust¹,

Alikhani²,

Ghorbani³

et al. 2012

Small Ruminant Research

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Sulfur amino acid metabolism and protein synthesis in young sheep fed ryegrass pasture and two Lotus cultivars containing condensed tannin

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

A review of the effects of forage condensed tannins on ruminal fermentation and bloat in grazing cattle

A review of the effects of forage condensed tannins on ruminal fermentation and bloat in grazing cattle

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses of [2,3,3-d3]Serine, [2,3,3-d3]cysteine and [3-13C]cysteine in plasma and skin protein: measurement of transsulphuration in young sheep

Effects of betaine and sulfate supplementation on milk and wool production of Naeini ewes

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