2009
DOI: 10.1002/dta.15
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13C/12C Ratios of endogenous urinary steroids investigated for doping control purposes

Abstract: In order to detect the misuse of endogenous anabolic steroids such as testosterone by athletes a total of n = 1734 suspicious urine samples were investigated by gas chromatography/combustion/isotope ratio mass spectrometry throughout the years 2005, 2006 and 2007. The 13 C/ 12 C ratio of a target substance (androsterone, a testosterone metabolite) was compared to the 13 C/ 12 C ratio of an endogenous reference compound (11β-hydroxyandrosterone). N = 1340 samples were investigated due to elevated testosterone/e… Show more

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Cited by 53 publications
(93 citation statements)
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“…The careful selection of an adequate ERC, however, and the determination of respective δ 13 C confidence limits were recommended. The effect of origin/diet on the carbon isotope signature of androsterone and etiocholanolone was confirmed by other studies concerning 1734 routine doping control samples originating from four continents, [12] 171 professional soccer players from 6 different countries, [13] as well as a project comparing the carbon isotope signatures of urinary testosterone metabolites of vegetarians and non-vegetarians. [14] In addition, a significant influence of gender on the δ 13 C values resulting from the ERC 11-hydroxyandrosterone and the target analyte androsterone was demonstrated but not observed when comparing inand out-of-competition controls.…”
Section: Confirmatory Testing Procedures -Gc/c/irms: General Considersupporting
confidence: 64%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…The careful selection of an adequate ERC, however, and the determination of respective δ 13 C confidence limits were recommended. The effect of origin/diet on the carbon isotope signature of androsterone and etiocholanolone was confirmed by other studies concerning 1734 routine doping control samples originating from four continents, [12] 171 professional soccer players from 6 different countries, [13] as well as a project comparing the carbon isotope signatures of urinary testosterone metabolites of vegetarians and non-vegetarians. [14] In addition, a significant influence of gender on the δ 13 C values resulting from the ERC 11-hydroxyandrosterone and the target analyte androsterone was demonstrated but not observed when comparing inand out-of-competition controls.…”
Section: Confirmatory Testing Procedures -Gc/c/irms: General Considersupporting
confidence: 64%
“…[14] In addition, a significant influence of gender on the δ 13 C values resulting from the ERC 11-hydroxyandrosterone and the target analyte androsterone was demonstrated but not observed when comparing inand out-of-competition controls. [12] …”
Section: Confirmatory Testing Procedures -Gc/c/irms: General Considermentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In that year a research project focusing on the influence of diet on CIR of steroids was published [74] and another RefPop encompassing 171 male soccer players emerged [75]. Two laboratories reported data using collected samples, which were investigated for CIR and which gave a significant difference in δ values between athletes from different countries but which showed that the Δ values were not influenced [19,76]. Investigations on the misuse of 4-androstene-3,11,17-trione, a nutritional supplement [77], and a comprehensive method to detect cortisone misuse, again using oxidation of target analytes, were published [78].…”
Section: Irms Methods Developed and Used In Sports Drug Testingmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…C values of endogenous steroids fall between −26‰ and −16‰, whereas pharmaceutical preparations have δ 13 C values below −27‰ [17][18][19]. As the absolute difference between endogenous and exogenous steroids can be quite small, WADA established difference (Δ) values between endogenous reference compounds (ERC) and target compounds (TC) to distinguish the source of urinary steroids.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[10,11] In order to account for the inter-individual variability, the delta values of the target compounds (TC) (T, A, Etio, 5aAdiol, or 5bAdiol) are compared with the delta values of endogenous reference compounds (ERC), steroids in upper stages of the biosynthesis, whose delta values are therefore not altered by the intake of T or precursors (pregnanediol, 11β-hydroxyandrosterone, 11-ketoetiocholanolone, 16(5α)-androsten-3α-ol (16-en) or pregnanetriol).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%