Super‐Assembled Hierarchical Cellulose Aerogel‐Gelatin Solid Electrolyte for Implantable and Biodegradable Zinc Ion Battery

Abstract

Transient devices represent an emerging type of electronics whose main characteristic is the constituent materials that could fully or partially dissolute or disintegrate by chemical or physical processes after completing the mission, and are considered as new research directions for implantable devices. However, research on transient devices is still in its infancy and there are many challenges to overcome, especially the development of transient energy devices is relatively slow. Here, an implantable, biodegradable transient zinc ion battery (TZIB) that assembles a carefully designed cellulose aerogel-gelatin (CAG) solid electrolyte. The new fully degradable CAG solid electrolyte allows TZIB to achieve controlled degradation and stable electrochemical performance, at the same time maintaining excellent mechanical properties. The entire battery device can be completely degraded within 30 days in the buffered proteinase K solution. More importantly, TZIB has excellent electrochemical performance while meeting controlled degradation, providing a specific capacity of 211.5 mAh g −1 at a current of 61.6 mA g −1 and a wide voltage range (0.85-1.9 V). These results demonstrate the potential of TZIB in future clinical applications and provide a new platform for transient electronic technology.

Low-Power and Eco-Friendly Temperature Sensor Based on Gelatin Nanocomposite

“…where Z imag is the imaginary part of impedance Z. From the EIS spectra, the bulk ionic conductivity (σ AC ) of the gel nanocomposite can be estimated by [22] σ AC = L/(A•Z real ),…”

“…This could enable optimization of the energy efficiency of the sensor node. It is worth noting that to guarantee the sustainability of the systems, environmentally-friendly energy devices can be used [22,33].…”

Advances in Cellulose-Based Hydrogels for Biomedical Engineering: A Review Summary

“…However, the research on transient devices is still in its infancy, and many challenges need to be overcome, especially since the development of transient energy devices is relatively slow. Recently, a transient zinc ion battery (TZIB) with excellent biocompatibility and complete degradation based on a carefully designed cellulose aerogel-gelatin (CAG) solid electrolyte was reported [ 23 ]. The new fully degradable CAG solid electrolyte enables TZIB to achieve controlled degradation and stable electrochemical performance while maintaining excellent mechanical properties.…”

“…The outstanding feature of these hydrogels is that the swelling behavior changes significantly in response to the environment. They are used as actuators [ 21 ], sensors [ 22 ], plantable and biodegradable ion batteries [ 23 ], thermally insulating materials [ 24 ], for tissue transformation [ 25 , 26 ], in controlled-release switches [ 27 , 28 ] or in precise topical administration regimens [ 29 ] and programmable and bioinstructive materials systems [ 30 ], etc. Therefore, functional/smart stimuli-responsive hydrogels have been one of the most interesting topics for scientific researchers in recent years.…”

Material Design and Energy Storage Mechanism of Mn‐Based Cathodes for Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries

“…The higher electric conductivity is also verified by the smaller semicircle in the EIS spectra of the MnO x @N−C cathode (Figure 5i). Furthermore, conductive materials such as N‐doped graphene, [84] reduced graphene oxygen, [90] polyaniline, [91] polypyrrole [92] and poly(3,4‐ethylene dioxythiophene) [40] have also been widely explored to improve the rate capability of cathode materials by compositing with Mn‐based cathodes for ZIBs.…”