Superconducting Nanowires for Single‐Photon Detection: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

Holzman, Itamar; Ivry, Yachin

doi:10.1002/qute.201800058

Cited by 141 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 249 publications

(679 reference statements)

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“…The most successful candidates are Nb(Ti)N, WSi, and MoSi, which have an SDE of more than 90%. A general discussion on the materials will be given here instead of a detailed performance comparison, which can be found elsewhere [29].…”

Section: Candidate Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for quantum information

You

2020

Nanophotonics

174

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AbstractThe superconducting nanowire single-photon detector (SNSPD) is a quantum-limit superconducting optical detector based on the Cooper-pair breaking effect by a single photon, which exhibits a higher detection efficiency, lower dark count rate, higher counting rate, and lower timing jitter when compared with those exhibited by its counterparts. SNSPDs have been extensively applied in quantum information processing, including quantum key distribution and optical quantum computation. In this review, we present the requirements of single-photon detectors from quantum information, as well as the principle, key metrics, latest performance issues, and other issues associated with SNSPD. The representative applications of SNSPDs with respect to quantum information will also be covered.

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Section: Candidate Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Encouraged by the major success of the SNSPDs in QI, this review focuses on the SNSPDs and their applications in QI, although other impressive applications, such as deep-space communication [26] and light detection and ranging [27,28], are available. Furthermore, some general or specific reviews of SNSPDs can be found [29][30][31][32][33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for quantum information

You

2020

Nanophotonics

174

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“…A more detailed overview of the detection mechanisms and SNSPDs in general can be found in refs. []. Typical superconductors are niobium nitride (NbN), niobium titanium nitride (NbTiN), tungsten silicide (WSi), tantalum nitride (TaN), molybdenum silicide (MoSi) making the realization of SNSPDs on a variety of quantum photonic material platforms as GaAs, Si, SiN, AlN, and LiNbO 3 possible .…”

Section: Gaas‐based Photonic Integrated Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[]. Typical superconductors are niobium nitride (NbN), niobium titanium nitride (NbTiN), tungsten silicide (WSi), tantalum nitride (TaN), molybdenum silicide (MoSi) making the realization of SNSPDs on a variety of quantum photonic material platforms as GaAs, Si, SiN, AlN, and LiNbO 3 possible . The advantage of the nitride‐based superconductors is the high critical temperature which is, for example, in the range of 7–11.5 K for thin NbN films (2–5 nm) making the operation at liquid helium temperatures at 4 K possible .…”

Section: Gaas‐based Photonic Integrated Circuitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semiconductor Quantum Dots for Integrated Quantum Photonics

et al. 2019

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Quantum mechanics promises to have a strong impact on many aspects of research and technology, improving classical analogues via purely quantum effects. A large variety of tasks are currently under investigation, for example, the implementation of quantum computing, sensing, metrology, and communication. From a general perspective, in a similar way as classical computing benefited by the reduction of the device footprint, enabling the realization of highly complex chips, a range of quantum applications will sensibly improve thanks to the successful realization of on-chip quantum photonics. Conversely to bulky table-top experiments, it would be very advantageous to transfer all required functionalities on the same quantum photonic chip. The key elements for quantum photonic circuits are on-demand nonclassical light sources, a versatile photonic logic, the ability to store quantum information, and highly efficient detectors, directly integrated on-chip. Among several systems capable of the efficient generation of singleand indistinguishable photons, quantum dots are rapidly establishing as one of the most appealing candidates. This paper reviews the recent progress in the on-chip integration of quantum-dot-based nonclassical light sources as well as in the development of the main building blocks, either integrated monolithically or hybridly on a compact and scalable platform. IntroductionFrom the foundation of quantum mechanics in the early 20th century to explain fundamental physical observations, over the development of transistors and lasers in the 1950s and 1960s, the second quantum revolution is now in full swing. The driving force behind this continuing "quantum footrace" are quantum mechanical effects based on superposition and entanglement that can lead to profound changes. Especially in the field of quantum information science, dramatic improvements are expected in terms of increased computational speed and communication security if compared with classical counterparts.Talking about quantum supremacy, two problems-Grover's algorithm for the efficient search in large unsorted databases and Shor's algorithm for the prime factorization of large integers-are frequently mentioned. [1][2][3] Grover's quantum search algorithm can find an element of a search space M in O( √ M) operations compared to the best known classical algorithms approximately requiring O(M) steps. [4] Shor's algorithm can prime factorize large integers with N bits in polynomial speed compared to the exponential scaling of classical algorithms. Currently, several cryptography schemes in electronic communication systems rely on the difficulty of prime factorization as its security method. Consequently, a quantum computer could break the cryptographic keys quickly by calculating or searching exhaustively all key possibilities, which may allow an eavesdropper to intercept the communication channel. [5] However, quantum key distribution schemes can be alternatively used, which are based on the secure exchange of a cryptographic key between remote...

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] As compared to their bulk counterparts, the use of NWs in photoconductors is of particular interest to quantum communications, sensing and imaging applications owing to their higher sensitivity and faster response speed. [8][9][10][11] To maximize the detection efficiency, semiconductor NWs are usually removed from growth substrate and placed horizontally on a secondary substrate to ease contact fabrication and also to increase their photosensitive area. However, the nanoscale active area of the NWs leads to small absorption cross-section and hence low external quantum efficiency (EQE) and poor responsivity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarization‐Independent Indium Phosphide Nanowire Photodetectors

Luo

Ren

Gagrani

et al. 2020

Advanced Optical Materials

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Although semiconductor nanowire (NW) photodetectors are promising building blocks for nanoscale on‐chip optoelectronic integration applications, poor absorption, and strong light polarization dependence due to their inherent anisotropic geometry remain an issue. Here, a polarization‐insensitive photodetector is designed and experimentally demonstrated, which consists of an InP NW embedded in a dual‐split bull's eye (DSBE) plasmonic antenna. The resultant photodetector exhibits a low noise equivalent power of 0.97 pW and a photoresponsivity of 0.96 A W‐1 at 740 nm with an external quantum efficiency of 163%. Importantly, the device exhibits an ultralow polarization dependence characteristic with a polarization degree significantly reduced from 91% down to 6%. The improved performance stems from the intrinsic symmetry of the orthogonal DSBE and the strong surface plasmon coupling, which significantly boosts the optical concentration abilities at all polarization angles as compared to the bare NW photodetector. This NW photodetector‐antenna design provides a pathway for the development of high‐performance nanoscale photodetectors for applications in advanced sensing, imaging, and quantum communications.

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Superconducting Nanowires for Single‐Photon Detection: Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities

Cited by 141 publications

References 249 publications

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for quantum information

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors for quantum information

Semiconductor Quantum Dots for Integrated Quantum Photonics

Polarization‐Independent Indium Phosphide Nanowire Photodetectors

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