Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Microcystin LR from Cyanobacteria using Aqueous Acetonitrile Modifier

Pyo, Dongjin; Lim, Chang–Hyun

doi:10.1080/10826070600923233

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…However, its solvent power with respect to polar analytes can be improved by adding polar modifiers (or a mixture of them) such as methanol and n-hexane, [137] ethanol, [138] aqueous acetonitrile [139] , or dichloromethane [140] .…”

Section: Supercritical Fluid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample Preparation for Trace Analysis by Chromatographic Methods

Olariu

Vione

Grinberg

et al. 2010

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies

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The determination of trace analytes in complex natural matrices often requires extensive sample extraction and preparation prior to chromatographic analysis. Correct sample preparation can reduce analysis time, sources of error, enhance sensitivity and enable unequivocal identification, confirmation and quantification. This overview considers general aspects on sample preparation techniques for trace analysis in various matrices. The discussed extraction/enrichment techniques cover classical methods, such as Soxhlet and liquid-liquid extractions along with more recently developed techniques like pressurized liquid extraction, liquid phase microextraction (LPME), accelerated microwave extraction, and ultrasoundassisted extraction. This overview also deals with more selective methodologies, such as solid phase extraction (SPE), solid phase microextraction (SPME) and stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE). The adopted approach considers the equilibriums involved in each technique. The applicability of each technique in environmental, food, biological and pharmaceutical analyses is discussed, particularly for the determination of trace organic compounds by chromatographic methods.

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Section: Supercritical Fluid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample Preparation for Trace Analysis by Chromatographic Methods

Olariu

Vione

Grinberg

et al. 2010

Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies

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“…However, highly purified microcystin-LR is so expensive that further research of microcystins in China is hindered. There have been many reports on miniature extraction and purification of microcystin-LR [15][16][17][18] , but large-scale purification methods have not been reported. This paper is mainly about the method on extraction and purification of microcystin-LR by macroreticular resin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Large-Scale Extraction and Purification of Microcystin-LR by Macroporous Resins

Cao¹,

Ningyi²,

Gong³

et al. 2014

Asian J. Chem.

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An effective method for large-scale extraction and purification of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) was established. 660 mL supernatant centrifugated from algae serum was absorbed by resin D101. The impurities on D101 resin were removed by 40 % acetic acid (3 L), deionized water (2.5 L), 20 % acetone (2 L) and 10 % ethanol (2 L) in turn. Thus microcystin-LR on D101 resin was purified. The adsorbed microcystin-LR was eluted from the resin with 70 % methanol (9 L). The eluent was concentrated by rotary evaporation at 80 °C. The quality of microcystin-LR in the crude extract was 2075.5 µg. The recovery rate was 79.71 %. In addition, the method of getting microcystin-LR by preparative chromatography is established. The purity of the product was 95 %.

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“…[28][29][30] Breeding pairs of GPx-1 Tg mice were kindly provided by Professor Xin Gen Lei MCLR was extracted from cyanobacterial cells using a supercritical fluid extraction method, as previously established. 31,32 MCLR was dissolved in ethanol at a concentration of 1 mg/mL to prepare stock solution, and stored at −20 C until use. The stock solution of MCLR was diluted in sterile saline immediately prior to use.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione peroxidase‐1 overexpressing transgenic mice are protected from neurotoxicity induced by microcystin‐leucine‐arginine

Shin

Hwang

Pham

et al. 2018

Environmental Toxicology

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Although it has been well-recognized that microcystin-leucine-arginine (MCLR), the most common form of microcystins, induces neurotoxicity, little is currently known about the underlying mechanism for this neurotoxicity. Here, we found that MCLR (10 ng/μL/mouse, i.c.v.) induces significant neuronal loss in the hippocampus of mice. MCLR-induced neurotoxicity was accompanied by oxidative stress, as shown by a significant increase in the level of 4-hydroxynonenal, protein carbonyl, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1) activity was significantly increased, but glutathione peroxidase (GPx) level was significantly decreased following MCLR insult. In addition, MCLR significantly inhibited GSH/GSSG ratio, and significantly induced NFκB DNA binding activity. Because reduced activity of GPx appeared to be critical for the imbalance between activities of SODs and GPx, we utilized GPx-1 overexpressing transgenic mice to ascertain the role of GPx-1 in this neurotoxicity. Genetic overexpression of GPx-1 or NFκB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) significantly attenuated MCLR-induced hippocampal neuronal loss in mice. However, PDTC did not exert any additive effect on neuroprotection mediated by GPx-1 overexpression, indicating that NFκB is a neurotoxic target of MCLR. Combined, these results suggest that MCLR-induced neurotoxicity requires oxidative stress associated with failure in compensatory induction of GPx, possibly through activation of the transcription factor NFκB.

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Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Microcystin LR from Cyanobacteria using Aqueous Acetonitrile Modifier

Cited by 6 publications

References 18 publications

Sample Preparation for Trace Analysis by Chromatographic Methods

Sample Preparation for Trace Analysis by Chromatographic Methods

Large-Scale Extraction and Purification of Microcystin-LR by Macroporous Resins

Glutathione peroxidase‐1 overexpressing transgenic mice are protected from neurotoxicity induced by microcystin‐leucine‐arginine

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