Superharmonic injection-locked frequency dividers

Rategh, H.R.; Lee, T.H.

doi:10.1109/4.766815

Cited by 341 publications

(159 citation statements)

References 19 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

156

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…There, a continuous oscillation is provided by a LC tank which can be slightly changed by feeding a input signal showing a frequency in range of the oscillation frequency. The oscillator will lock onto the injected signal [32]. This behaviour also works when the injected signals' frequency lies at harmonics or subharmonics of the oscillator.…”

Section: Frequency Divider and Multiplier Based Rts Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency dividers in radar target stimulator applications

Vorderderfler

Gadringer

Schreiber

et al. 2018

Elektrotech. Inftech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

More and more driver assistance systems are integrated into modern vehicles. This development results in a continuous rise in the complexity of these vehicles, as the functions have to comply to the corresponding safety standards. Testing and validating these functions on an automotive test bench instead of driving tests at closed proving grounds requires comprehensive stimulation of the involved sensors. In this article we are focusing on an approach for stimulating short-range radar sensors of a vehicle located on such a test bench. Coping with the requirements imposed by these types of sensors we investigate the usage of frequency multipliers and dividers in the frequency translation section of the radar stimulator. For this purpose, we provide an overview on different concepts for these multipliers and dividers. After reviewing the advantages and disadvantages of these devices, we provide measurement results of a stimulator setup applying this type of frequency translation.Keywords: radar systems; test equipment; radar applications; radar equipment; radar signal processing; radio frequency circuit design

show abstract

Section: Frequency Divider and Multiplier Based Rts Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency dividers in radar target stimulator applications

Vorderderfler

Gadringer

Schreiber

et al. 2018

Elektrotech. Inftech.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In order to support divide-by-(2n + 1) operation, it is necessary to change the topology of the built-in mixer. A straight-forward way is to use a single transistor, e.g., injection locking a Colpitts oscillator [1]. Due to the current-switching nature of MOSFET transistors, however, doing so results in small lock range.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, their application is hindered by the limited locking range and division ratios. This paper addresses the latter problem.A differential-LC oscillator has become a popular choice for ILFDs [1]. Such a differential-LC ILFD can be viewed as a special type of regenerative divider with a single-balanced mixer [2,3].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A 16-to-18GHz 0.18-m Epi-CMOS Divide-by-3 Injection-Locked Frequency Divider

Zhang

2006

2006 IEEE International Solid State Circuits Conference - Digest of Technical Papers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Frequency dividers are essential building blocks in wireless and wireline communications as well as radar systems for functions such as frequency synthesis, quadrature signal generation, MUX/DEMUX, and bandwidth compression. An injection-locked frequency divider (ILFD) enjoys lower power dissipation and better noise performance than common digital dividers. However, their application is hindered by the limited locking range and division ratios. This paper addresses the latter problem.A differential-LC oscillator has become a popular choice for ILFDs [1]. Such a differential-LC ILFD can be viewed as a special type of regenerative divider with a single-balanced mixer [2,3]. Frequency division happens when the second-harmonic current is injected into the tail node and switched by the nonlinear differential pair to generate the mixing products. Then all harmonics except the fundamental frequency component are filtered out by the LC tank. Because the mixing function of the cross-coupled differential pair has odd symmetry, it only generates oddorder mixing products, which correspond to even frequency-division ratios (2, 4, 6 ...). In order to support divide-by-(2n + 1) operation, it is necessary to change the topology of the built-in mixer. A straight-forward way is to use a single transistor, e.g., injection locking a Colpitts oscillator [1]. Due to the current-switching nature of MOSFET transistors, however, doing so results in small lock range. Using a single transistor also loses all the benefits of differential circuits. Injection-locked ring oscillators can also be used for divide-by-3 operation [4]. However, they do not provide filtering like a resonant oscillator, and hence tend to have large unwanted harmonic components, particularly at the injected signal frequency. They are also prone to lock at the wrong harmonics and their phase-noise performance is inferior to resonant ILFDs.To address these problems and preferably maintain the differential LC oscillator topology, we construct a cascode differential LC ILFD by adding another differential pair: M 3 and M 4 (Fig. 32.9.1). M 3 and M 4 convert the differential injection signal into a differential current, which mixes with the differential output voltage signal by M 1 and M 2 . Since M 1 and M 2 are no longer a differential pair, their even-order nonlinearity can generate the desired mixing product, which corresponds to an odd division ratio. A shunt-peaking inductor L 0 is also introduced to resonate with the parasitic capacitances at the 3rd harmonic [2]. It also provides a short-circuit current path for the fundamental component. Therefore, the upper half of the circuit (M 1 , M 2 , L 0 and the LC tank) works as a differential LC oscillator at the fundamental frequency, and the lower half (M 3 , M 4 , and L 0 ) as a tuned differential amplifier. So the differential topology is preserved, although mixing is accomplished in a single-ended fashion. Overall, we confine signals at different harmonics locally by circuit topology and filtering. A balun T 1 is us...

show abstract

“…Studies undertaken by [Adl46], [Raz03] cannot be applied to RFDs, because the operation principle of RFDs is fundamentally different from that of oscillators. In contrast to injection-locked frequency dividers (ILFDs) [Dar89], [Rat99], there is no free running oscillation in RFDs. Moreover, the fed-back signal in an RFD is mixed with the input signal, as opposed to ILFDs in which the fed-back signal is added to the injected input signal.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Study of High-Frequency Regenerative Frequency Dividers

Safarian

Heydari

2005 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

− − − − A comprehensive analytical study of high-frequency regenerative frequency dividers (RFD) is presented. The study includes two fundamental modes of operation in RFDs, namely stable and pulled operation modes. Differential equations characterizing the RFD behavior for both operation modes are derived. Next, an RFD circuit is designed and simulated in a 0.18µ µ µ µm standard CMOS process. Simulations verify the accuracy of the proposed analytical models.

show abstract

Superharmonic injection-locked frequency dividers

Cited by 341 publications

References 19 publications

Frequency dividers in radar target stimulator applications

Frequency dividers in radar target stimulator applications

A 16-to-18GHz 0.18-m Epi-CMOS Divide-by-3 Injection-Locked Frequency Divider

A Study of High-Frequency Regenerative Frequency Dividers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About