Surface and bulk effects in the extraction of hydrogen from highly loaded Pd sheet electrodes

Nano‐Electrochemical Detection of Hydrogen or Protons Using Palladium Nanoparticles: Distinguishing Surface and Bulk Hydrogen

“…It also explains literature difficulties in obtaining meaningful data on the Pd/H + /H 2 system. [2,4,5,11,22,23] In contrast the data in Figure 3 clearly show the oxidation potential for the two different types of bound hydrogen.…”

“…[2,4,5,11,22,23] In particular the use of electrodes of macro-or microdimensions can lead to the uptake of very large quantities of absorbed hydrogen, and this makes investigation of the surface-adsorbed voltammetric species nearly impossible as the relevant voltammetric signals are swamped. In contrast using a nanoparticlemodified electrode, the closer ratio between the amount of "bulk" and "surface" palladium leads to clearly indefinable voltammetric signals for the adsorbed species.…”

“…À2 cm 2 we can obtain the total number of palladium particles which is A C H T U N G T R E N N U N G 2. . This is in respectable agreement with our value determined with the electrochemical method.…”

“…The hydrogen-palladium system is an important and complex topic of interest, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and with the absorption of molecular hydrogen by palladium it is of vast practical interest. [13] Hydrogen atoms have a high mobility within the lattice and diffuse rapidly through the metal.…”

Metal Nanoparticles: Applications in Electroanalysis

“…Pd undergoes a highly specific interaction with hydrogen, as hydrogen atoms have a high mobility within the Pd lattice and therefore can diffuse rapidly through the metal. The reduction of hydrogen ions has been studied extensively at palladium macroelectrodes [115][116][117], with hydrogen atoms being found to absorb into the Pd lattice. This is a so-called dissolution adsorption mechanism in which H þ ions first adsorb onto the Pd surface, and are subsequently reduced to form adsorbed hydrogen atoms (H ad ).…”