Surface Application of Soybean Peroxidase and Calcium Peroxide for Reducing Odorous VOC Emissions from Swine Manure Slurry

doi:10.13031/aea.32.11672

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Still, science-based data is needed to evaluate additives' effect on the mitigation of gases emitted from stored manure (Maurer et al, 2016) as the additives are user-friendly and do not require changes in existing barn structures. We have reported research on manure additives such as soybean peroxidase, zeolite, and biochar powder that shows the effectiveness of mitigating NH 3 , H 2 S, VOCs, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from swine manure over extended periods (Cai et al, 2007;Parker et al, 2016;Kalus et al, 2017;Maurer et al, 2017a,b,c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Acute Ammonia Emissions With Biochar During Swine Manure Agitation Before Pump-Out: Proof-of-the-Concept

Chen

Kozieł

Białowiec

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Ammonia (NH3) emissions from animal agriculture can cause eutrophication of water ecosystems and are precursors to secondary particulate matter (PM2.5). NH3 emissions from stored swine manure represent nutrient loss affecting the fertilizing value of manure. The short-term emission bursts occur when farmers agitate manure before emptying storage and fertilizing fields. There is no proven technology to mitigate gaseous emissions during agitation, while the hazards of acute releases (e.g., H2S) are well-known. Biochar mitigates NH3 emissions from manure over the long-term. The objective of this research was to evaluate the mitigation of acute NH3 emissions during/after agitation. Two biochars, highly alkaline and porous (HAP from corn stover) and red oak (RO), were tested. The 6 and 12 mm-thick layers of biochar powder were surficial applied followed by 3 min agitation. NH3 concentrations were measured before/during/after agitation. Mitigation was assessed by comparing: (i) the maximum (peak) flux, (ii) total emission (from agitation start till NH3 concentration returned to the before-agitation), and (iii) the total emissions during agitation. The 12 mm HAP significantly (p < 0.05) reduced (i–iii) by 63, 70, and 85%, respectively. The 6 mm HAP significantly reduced (i–iii) by 76, 75, and 78%, respectively. The 12 mm RO significantly reduced (i–iii) by 9, 53, and 57%, respectively. The 6 mm RO significantly reduced (i–iii) by 61, 86, and 63%, respectively. The NH3 emission kinetics model confirmed that a 6 mm dose was just as effective as the larger dose. More research is needed to optimize and scale-up mitigating emissions and retention of nutrients in manure with biochar.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mitigation of Acute Ammonia Emissions With Biochar During Swine Manure Agitation Before Pump-Out: Proof-of-the-Concept

Chen

Kozieł

Białowiec

et al. 2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…Still, science-based guides, as well as more data, are needed to evaluate manure additive effect on the mitigation of gases emitted from storage [7]. Recent research on manure additives such as soybean peroxidase, zeolite, and biochar show the effectiveness of mitigating H 2 S, NH 3 , volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from swine manure over extended periods of time [8][9][10][11][12][13]. Additionally, we evaluated the performance of numerous commercial manure additives, but there was no overall statistically significant mitigation for gaseous emissions [14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Surficial Biochar Treatment on Acute H2S Emissions during Swine Manure Agitation before Pump-Out: Proof-of-the-Concept

et al. 2020

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Acute releases of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) are of serious concern in agriculture, especially when farmers agitate manure to empty storage pits before land application. Agitation can cause the release of dangerously high H2S concentrations, resulting in human and animal fatalities. To date, there is no proven technology to mitigate these short-term releases of toxic gas from manure. In our previous research, we have shown that biochar, a highly porous carbonaceous material, can float on manure and mitigate gaseous emissions over extended periods (days–weeks). In this research, we aim to test the hypothesis that biochar can mitigate H2S emissions over short periods (minutes–hours) during and shortly after manure agitation. The objective was to conduct proof-of-the-concept experiments simulating the treatment of agitated manure. Two biochars, highly alkaline and porous (HAP, pH 9.2) made from corn stover and red oak (RO, pH 7.5), were tested. Three scenarios (setups): Control (no biochar), 6 mm, and 12 mm thick layers of biochar were surficially-applied to the manure. Each setup experienced 3 min of manure agitation. Real-time concentrations of H2S were measured immediately before, during, and after agitation until the concentration returned to the initial state. The results were compared with those of the Control using the following three metrics: (1) the maximum (peak) flux, (2) total emission from the start of agitation until the concentration stabilized, and (3) the total emission during the 3 min of agitation. The Gompertz’s model for determination of the cumulative H2S emission kinetics was developed. Here, 12 mm HAP biochar treatment reduced the peak (1) by 42.5% (p = 0.125), reduced overall total emission (2) by 17.9% (p = 0.290), and significantly reduced the total emission during 3 min agitation (3) by 70.4%. Further, 6 mm HAP treatment reduced the peak (1) by 60.6%, and significantly reduced overall (2) and 3 min agitation’s (3) total emission by 64.4% and 66.6%, respectively. Moreover, 12 mm RO biochar treatment reduced the peak (1) by 23.6%, and significantly reduced overall (2) and 3 min total (3) emission by 39.3% and 62.4%, respectively. Finally, 6 mm RO treatment significantly reduced the peak (1) by 63%, overall total emission (2) by 84.7%, and total emission during 3 min agitation (3) by 67.4%. Biochar treatments have the potential to reduce the risk of inhalation exposure to H2S. Both 6 and 12 mm biochar treatments reduced the peak H2S concentrations below the General Industrial Peak Limit (OSHA PEL, 50 ppm). The 6 mm biochar treatments reduced the H2S concentrations below the General Industry Ceiling Limit (OSHA PEL, 20 ppm). Research scaling up to larger manure volumes and longer agitation is warranted.

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“…Still, sciencebased guides as well as more data are needed to evaluate manure additive effectiveness on the mitigation of gases emitted from storage (Maurer et al, 2016). From recent studies, manure additives such as soybean peroxidase, zeolite, and biochar show the effectiveness of mitigating NH3, H2S, VOCs, and GHG emissions from swine manure (Maurer et al, 2017a(Maurer et al, , 2017b(Maurer et al, , 2017cParker et al, 2016;Cai et al, 2007;Kalus, 2017). Additionally, in our recent research, we evaluated numerous commercial manure additives for gaseous emissions mitigation, but there are no statistically significant findings (Chen, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Biochar Treatment on H2S and NH3 Emissions During Manure Agitation prior to Pump-Out

Chen¹,

Kozieł²,

Lee³

et al. 2020

2020 ASABE Annual International Virtual Meeting, July 13-15, 2020

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Hydrogen sulfide and ammonia are always a concern in the livestock industries, especially when farmers try to clear their manure storage pits. Agitation of manure can cause dangerously high concentrations of harmful agents such as H 2 S and NH 3 to be emitted into the air. Biochar can absorb these gases. We hypothesized that applying biochar on top of manure can create an effective barrier to protect farmers and animals from exposure to NH 3 and H 2 S. In this study, one kind of biochar was tested, highly alkaline, and porous (HAP, pH 9.2) biochar made from corn stover. Two scenarios of (6 mm) 0.25" and (12 mm) 0.5" thick layers of biochar treatments were topically applied to the manure and tested on a pilot-scale setup, simulating a deep pit storage. Each setup experienced 3-min of agitation using a transfer pump, and measurements of the concentrations of NH 3 and H 2 S were taken in real-time and measured until the concentration stabilized after the sharp increase in concentration due to agitation. The results were compared with the control in the following 3 situations: 1. The maximum (peak) flux 2. Total emission from the start of agitation until the concentration stabilized, and 3. The total emission during the 3 min of agitation. For NH 3 , 0.5" HAP biochar treatment significantly (p<0.05) reduced maximum flux by 63.3%, overall total emission by 70%, and total emissions during the 3-min agitation by 85.2%; 0.25" HAP biochar treatment significantly (p<0.05) reduced maximum flux by 75.7%, overall, total emission by 74.5%, and total emissions during the 3-min agitation by 77.8%. For H 2 S, 0.5" HAP biochar treatment reduced the max by 42.5% (p=0.125), overall total emission by 17.9% (p=0.290), and significantly reduced the total emission during 3-min agitation by 70.4%; 0.25" HAP treatment reduced max by 60.6% (p=0.058), and significantly reduced overall and 3-min agitation's total emission by 64.4% and 66.6%, respectively.

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Surface Application of Soybean Peroxidase and Calcium Peroxide for Reducing Odorous VOC Emissions from Swine Manure Slurry

Cited by 11 publications

References 34 publications

Mitigation of Acute Ammonia Emissions With Biochar During Swine Manure Agitation Before Pump-Out: Proof-of-the-Concept

Mitigation of Acute Ammonia Emissions With Biochar During Swine Manure Agitation Before Pump-Out: Proof-of-the-Concept

The Impact of Surficial Biochar Treatment on Acute H2S Emissions during Swine Manure Agitation before Pump-Out: Proof-of-the-Concept

The Impact of Biochar Treatment on H2S and NH3 Emissions During Manure Agitation prior to Pump-Out

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