Surface-bioengineered Gold Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

The conjugation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) with biomolecules could create many outstanding biofunctions for the surface-functionalized nanoparticles and extend their biomedical applications. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in the surface bioengineering of AuNPs with biomolecules, such as DNA, proteins, peptides, and biopolymers, in which the details on the structure, functions, and properties of surface- bioengineered AuNPs are discussed. In addition, the surface-biofunctionalization of AuNPs for biomedical applications like biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, and tissue engineering are introduced. It is expected that this work will be very helpful for readers to understand the surface functionalization and engineering techniques for various metallic nanoparticles and design novel biomaterials for biomedical applications.

Nanoengineering of Gold Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications

“…To design applicable AuNPs treatments, the conjugation of AuNPs is necessary. The surface must be functionalized with ligands such as drugs, biomolecules, and biopolymers [174,175]. More specifically, NPs created for biomedical applications are frequently coated with polymers containing reactive functional groups, in order to conjugate targeting ligands or drugs [176].…”

Chaperone‐like activity of the N‐terminal region of a human small heat shock protein and chaperone‐functionalized nanoparticles

“…HspB1NTR was designed with an N‐terminal cysteine residue for use in several downstream applications. The first was to facilitate the coupling of the peptide to the surface of AuNPs using thiol–gold interactions . In future studies, incorporating a label for B1NTR may be necessary, and the presence of a single cysteine would create a site‐specific chemical “handle” for labeling experiments.…”

“…The first was to facilitate the coupling of the peptide to the surface of AuNPs using thiol-gold interactions. 55 In future studies, incorporating a label for B1NTR may be necessary, and the presence of a single cysteine would create a site-specific chemical "handle" for labeling experiments. Furthermore, wild-type HspB1 does contain a single cysteine within the ACD, indicating the presence of a cysteine residue is not out of place in the context of potential HspB1-substrate interactions.…”

Recent advances in gold nanoparticles for biomedical applications: from hybrid structures to multi-functionality

“…These novel hybrid nanoparticles give rise to multi-functionality which opens up exciting opportunities in their biomedical applications. Unlike previous reviews on Au NPs' synthesis and biomedical applications, 2,3,20,21 we here highlight recent development of complex 'hybrid' Au NPs. First, we propose a classification framework for gold nanostructures based on three fundamental structural dimensions (length scale, complexity and symmetry) for classifying and designing novel gold nanostructures.…”