Surface characterization of sol-gel derived indium tin oxide films on glass

Abstract

Indium tin oxide (ITO) films containing different In : Sn atomic ratios, viz. 90 : 10, 70 : 30, 50 : 50, 30 : 70, were deposited on two types of glass substrates by sol-gel spinning technique. XPS analysis of the films was done under as-received and after-sputtering conditions. The narrow spectra obtained for the Na1s, In3d, Sn3d and O1s have been discussed. Oxygen was found to exist in three chemical environments in as-received samples due to the existence of (i) environmental hydroxyl (-OH) group, (ii) crystalline ITO and (iii) amorphous ITO; but it was in two chemical environments, (ii) and (iii), after surface cleaning by sputtering. The presence of both tin metal and tin oxides was confirmed by the peak analysis of Sn3d. The In : Sn atomic ratio taken in the precursor sols did not change considerably in the case of developed films of low Sn content, but considerable change was observed in the films having high Sn content.

Dramatic Enhancement in Photoresponse of β-In2S3 through Suppression of Dark Conductivity by Synthetic Control of Defect-Induced Carrier Compensation

“…X-ray Diffraction (XRD) Figure 1 depicts the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of (a) FTO substrate, (b-c) In 2 S 3 films grown on FTO substrate by 10hr (H 10 -In 2 S 3 ) and 24hr hydrothermal reactions (H 24 -In 2 S 3 ), Figure 1d is for the In 2 S 3 film grown on FTO substrate by the sulfurization method (S-In 2 S 3 ). All the three XRD patterns (H 10 -In 2 S 3 , H 24 To study the formation and transformation of In(OH) 3 , hydrothermal reactions for different durations (2, 7, 10, 16 and 24 h) were carried out. After 2h reaction, completely white film of In(OH) 3 is obtained (please see the supporting information, Figure SI-1a).…”

“…Indium interstitials or quasi-interstitials). Biswas et al 24 have also noted such a contribution in their sol-gel derived films and this contribution was seen to vanish after surface cleaning by sputtering. This made the authors assign this contribution to free surface hydroxyl groups.…”

Conducting polymer–gold co-patterned surfaces via nanosphere lithography

“…Meanwhile, according to Fig. 5B, the Sn 3d (3d 5/2 and 3d 3/2 ) doublet peaks have a very strong signal prior to the electrodeposition of Au at $486/$496 eV [41]. After backfilling, these peaks significantly decreased, which vividly suggests that the cavities in the inverse opaline film array were almost covered.…”

Aging of ITO anodes treated by supercritical CO2/H2O2 fluids for OLEDs

“…A glance of the spectra showed that they were different and the best fitting presented three components at binding energies of 530.5 ± 0.1 (peak A), 531.5 ± 0.1 (peak B), and 532.3 ± 0.1 eV (peak C). Similar to other recent studies on ITO surfaces, we assigned peak A, peak B, and peak C to lattice oxygen in a crystalline ITO phase [20,21], in oxygen deficient regions of the In 2 O 3 matrix [20,22], and in hydroxyl groups on the ITO surface [21, 23]. The binding energy and relative peak area of each component were summarized in Table 3.…”