The term "ceramics" covers a very broad range of materials. By definition, ceramies include all nonmetallic inorganic solids, containing both nonmetallic and metallic constituents ; the interatomic bonds thus usually have both ionic and covalent character. The usefulness of ceramies in a wide variety of applications sterns from properties such as hardness and resistance to heat, corrosion, and electricity. Ceramies are sometimes divided into two groups known as "traditional ceramics" and "new ceramies" (Kingery et al., 1976). The traditional ceramies include those primarily in the silicate industries (e.g ., whitewares) and refractories. The new ceramies include electro-optic ceramies, magnet ic ceramics, single crystals used for thin-film substrates, those used in the nuclear industry, and pure oxide ceramies to name a few (Kingery et al., 1976). The study of ceramies using electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) has not yet extended into all of these areas of ceramics. However, EBSD research of certain ceramies has received considerable attention, and this will be the focus ofthis review.Ceramies used in many applications today are polycrystalline and polyphase materials with grain sizes that typically vary between about 0.1 and 10 um; this range of grain sizes means that x-ray diffraction (XRD) usually cannot be used to determine local crystal orientations. In addition, many ceramies possess a complex crystal structure coupled with anisotropie materials properties, making routine transmission electron .microscopy (TEM) analysis difficult. The phase and orientation of the grains, and the properties and microstructure of the grain boundaries , have a large influence on the useful properties of these materials. Therefore, it is essential to have a characterization technique that can readily provide information such as grain size, orientation, and phase. In this context, EBSD can make extensive contributions to the crystallographic and structural analyses of