Surface Sensor Systems in Plant Immunity

Albert, Isabell; Hua, Chenlei; Nürnberger, Thorsten; Pruitt, Rory; Zhang, Lisha

doi:10.1104/pp.19.01299

Cited by 151 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 201 publications

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“…The Pseudomonas - A . thaliana patho-system that we used in our studies might not be the right tool to analyze RNL function in PTI, since resistance against virulent Pseudomonas strains strongly relies on RK function [ 4 ]. This idea is further supported by the lack of enhanced susceptibility in any RNL mutant during Pst DC3000 ΔhrcC infections compared to wild-type Col-0 ( Fig 3C ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microbial pathogens can trigger a first defense response upon detection by plasma membrane (PM)-localized leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor kinases (RKs) or receptor-like proteins (RLPs). These receptors perceive conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or danger signals from diverse pathogens and initiate a broad range of immune responses, collectively called pattern-triggered immunity (PTI) [3,4]. PTI effectively inhibits non-host-adapted pathogens and also contributes to resistance to host-adapted pathogens.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two unequally redundant "helper" immune receptor families mediate Arabidopsis thaliana intracellular "sensor" immune receptor functions

et al. 2020

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Plant nucleotide-binding (NB) leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptor (NLR) proteins function as intracellular immune receptors that perceive the presence of pathogen-derived virulence proteins (effectors) to induce immune responses. The 2 major types of plant NLRs that "sense" pathogen effectors differ in their N-terminal domains: these are Toll/interleukin-1 receptor resistance (TIR) domain-containing NLRs (TNLs) and coiled-coil (CC) domain-containing NLRs (CNLs). In many angiosperms, the RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW 8 (RPW8)-CC domain containing NLR (RNL) subclass of CNLs is encoded by 2 gene families, ACTIVATED DISEASE RESISTANCE 1 (ADR1) and N REQUIREMENT GENE 1 (NRG1), that act as "helper" NLRs during multiple sensor NLR-mediated immune responses. Despite their important role in sensor NLR-mediated immunity, knowledge of the specific, redundant, and synergistic functions of helper RNLs is limited. We demonstrate that the ADR1 and NRG1 families act in an unequally redundant manner in basal resistance, effector-triggered immunity (ETI) and regulation of defense gene expression. We define RNL redundancy in ETI conferred by some TNLs and in basal resistance against virulent pathogens. We demonstrate that, in Arabidopsis thaliana, the 2 RNL families contribute specific functions in ETI initiated by specific CNLs and TNLs. Time-resolved whole genome expression profiling revealed that RNLs and "classical" CNLs trigger similar transcriptome changes, suggesting that RNLs act like other CNLs to mediate ETI downstream of sensor NLR activation. Together, our genetic data confirm that RNLs contribute to basal resistance, are fully

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two unequally redundant "helper" immune receptor families mediate Arabidopsis thaliana intracellular "sensor" immune receptor functions

et al. 2020

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“…Taken together that arabinofuranose substitutions are less frequent in dicot than in monocot xylans and that these hemicelluloses are quite more abundant in the monocot branch, it will be interesting to test whether these and related pentose-based DAMPs trigger stronger or lower (if any) responses in plant species at different phylogenetic positions than those included in this study (all dicots). Regarding MAMPs, only a minor fraction of them (flg22, peptidoglycan, and chitin) are recognized by PRRs that are widespread among plants and can be found in both monocot and dicot plant species (Albert et al, 2020). Sensor systems for such patterns are considered an ancient set of PRRs, however the majority of PRRs known to date exhibit genus-specific distribution patterns.…”

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confidence: 99%

Arabinoxylan-Oligosaccharides Act as Damage Associated Molecular Patterns in Plants Regulating Disease Resistance

et al. 2020

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Immune responses in plants can be triggered by damage/microbe-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs/MAMPs) upon recognition by plant pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). DAMPs are signaling molecules synthesized by plants or released from host cellular structures (e.g., plant cell walls) upon pathogen infection or wounding. Despite the hypothesized important role of plant cell wall-derived DAMPs in plant-pathogen interactions, a very limited number of these DAMPs are well characterized. Recent work demonstrated that pectin-enriched cell wall fractions extracted from the cell wall mutant impaired in Arabidopsis Response Regulator 6 (arr6), that showed altered disease resistance to several pathogens, triggered more intense immune responses than those activated by similar cell wall fractions from wild-type plants. It was hypothesized that arr6 cell wall fractions could be differentially enriched in DAMPs. In this work, we describe the characterization of the previous immune-active fractions of arr6 showing the highest triggering capacities upon further fractionation by chromatographic means. These analyses pointed to a role of pentose-based oligosaccharides triggering plant immune responses. The characterization of several pentose-based oligosaccharide structures revealed that b-1,4-xylooligosaccharides of specific degrees of polymerization and carrying arabinose decorations are sensed as DAMPs by plants. Moreover, the pentasaccharide 3 3-a-L-arabinofuranosyl-xylotetraose (XA3XX) was found as a highly active DAMP structure triggering strong immune responses in Arabidopsis thaliana and enhancing crop disease resistance.

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“…Cell surface immune receptors are typically leucine-rich repeat transmembrane proteins, with their (1) extracellular side responsible for binding and recognizing the ligand or invasion pattern, (2) a transmembrane domain responsible for properly tethering the protein within the plasma membrane, and (3) a cytoplasmic side for downstream signaling. Surface immune receptors can be classified as either receptor-like kinases (RLKs) or receptor-like proteins (RLPs), depending on the presence or absence of kinases activity in their cytoplasmic tail (for extensive review, see Albert et al) [5].…”

Section: Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Diversity, Function and Regulation of Cell Surface and Intracellular Immune Receptors in Solanaceae

Kim

Castroverde

2020

Plants

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The first layer of the plant immune system comprises plasma membrane-localized receptor proteins and intracellular receptors of the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat protein superfamily. Together, these immune receptors act as a network of surveillance machines in recognizing extracellular and intracellular pathogen invasion-derived molecules, ranging from conserved structural epitopes to virulence-promoting effectors. Successful pathogen recognition leads to physiological and molecular changes in the host plants, which are critical for counteracting and defending against biotic attack. A breadth of significant insights and conceptual advances have been derived from decades of research in various model plant species regarding the structural complexity, functional diversity, and regulatory mechanisms of these plant immune receptors. In this article, we review the current state-of-the-art of how these host surveillance proteins function and how they are regulated. We will focus on the latest progress made in plant species belonging to the Solanaceae family, because of their tremendous importance as model organisms and agriculturally valuable crops.

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Surface Sensor Systems in Plant Immunity

Abstract: Protein complexes at the cell surface facilitate the detection of danger signals from diverse pathogens and initiate a series of complex intracellular signaling events that result in various immune responses.

Cited by 151 publications

References 201 publications

Two unequally redundant "helper" immune receptor families mediate Arabidopsis thaliana intracellular "sensor" immune receptor functions

Two unequally redundant "helper" immune receptor families mediate Arabidopsis thaliana intracellular "sensor" immune receptor functions

Arabinoxylan-Oligosaccharides Act as Damage Associated Molecular Patterns in Plants Regulating Disease Resistance

Diversity, Function and Regulation of Cell Surface and Intracellular Immune Receptors in Solanaceae

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