Surgical Site Infections in Elective Abdominal Surgery and their Prevention in a Tertiary Care Centre of Rohilkhand Region

Abstract

Inclusion criteria • All the patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery A B S T R A C T Introduction: Infections that occur in a postsurgical wound are referred to as Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) which results in patient discomfort, prolonged hospital stay and increased cost. The present study was planned to determine the risk factors and incidence of abdominal surgical site infections and to formulate measures to prevent them. Material and Methods: A prospective, open label clinical study of 24 months duration was conducted on 100 admitted cases in the post graduate Department of Surgery, Rohilkhand Medical College, Bareilly to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with the abdominal surgical site infections in elective abdominal surgery. Results: The incidence of surgical site infection was 7% in present study. Open surgery have a significantly higher risk of SSI (4/30; 13.3%) as compared to other procedures (3/70; 4.3%) (RR=3.09). Laparoscopic procedures have been reported to have minimal SSI rate. Smoking was found to be significantly associated with a higher risk of SSI (RR=9.37). Significant association of time lag between shaving and surgery with SSI (RR=2.67). Relative risk of SSI (3.4) in patients above 50 years of age and ASA Grade>II. In majority of cases (85.71%) SSI was recorded on third post-operative day. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate (42.86%) followed by Pseudomonas (28.57%), E. coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Conclusion: Open procedures, Smoking, Pre-op Hospital stay >1 day and ASA grade>II were found to be significantly associated with SSI. Mean duration of hospital stay of SSI patients was longer.

Incidence and Predictors of Surgical Site Infection in Major Abdominal Surgeries at a Tertiary Care Center in Delhi

“…Pre-morbid illnesses, namely, diabetes and hypoalbuminemia, have been shown to have great risk of emerging SSI in the earlier studies; this was further confirmed in our study [12,26,31]. The incidence of SSI was found to be higher in open surgeries as compared to laparoscopic surgeries in our study similar to findings of other studies [16,32].…”

“…Wound class has been a significant predictor for SSI. The odds ratio of SSI increased with each class of wound in our study and other studies [8,12,15,16]. Albumin is a assessable sign of protein-energy malnutrition and has been connected with poor tissue healing, conceded immune response, and impaired collagen synthesis at operating sites [22,23].…”

“…[15] −6% and Sharan et al[16] −7%. Few other Indian studies have stated higher incidence of SSI like Patel et al[17] −12.68%, Mekhla et al[5] −39%, and Singh and Yadalwar[7] −26.4%.…”