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The present work involves the study of crystalline structure and surface morphology of Titanium Dioxide (TiO 2 ) thin film deposited by RF magnetron sputtering. TiO 2 thin film was grown on ITO coated glass substrate using Ti metal target. The XRD results revealed the crystalline structure and indicated that the deposited film had the intensities of metastable anatase phase. The surface morphology and its roughness values suggest that the film had smooth surface and densely packed with grains.

Inclusion criteria • All the patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery A B S T R A C T Introduction: Infections that occur in a postsurgical wound are referred to as Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) which results in patient discomfort, prolonged hospital stay and increased cost. The present study was planned to determine the risk factors and incidence of abdominal surgical site infections and to formulate measures to prevent them. Material and Methods: A prospective, open label clinical study of 24 months duration was conducted on 100 admitted cases in the post graduate Department of Surgery, Rohilkhand Medical College, Bareilly to determine the incidence and risk factors associated with the abdominal surgical site infections in elective abdominal surgery. Results: The incidence of surgical site infection was 7% in present study. Open surgery have a significantly higher risk of SSI (4/30; 13.3%) as compared to other procedures (3/70; 4.3%) (RR=3.09). Laparoscopic procedures have been reported to have minimal SSI rate. Smoking was found to be significantly associated with a higher risk of SSI (RR=9.37). Significant association of time lag between shaving and surgery with SSI (RR=2.67). Relative risk of SSI (3.4) in patients above 50 years of age and ASA Grade>II. In majority of cases (85.71%) SSI was recorded on third post-operative day. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate (42.86%) followed by Pseudomonas (28.57%), E. coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Conclusion: Open procedures, Smoking, Pre-op Hospital stay >1 day and ASA grade>II were found to be significantly associated with SSI. Mean duration of hospital stay of SSI patients was longer.