Surgical treatment of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the penis: Brazilian national cancer institute long‐term experience

Abstract

Stage and tumor grade affected the prognosis of the disease. The presence and the extent of metastasis to the inguinal region were the most important prognostic factors for survival in our patients. Immediate lymphadenectomy is indicated in all patients. Since recurrences were noted within 8, 10, and 25 years after primary treatment, a frequent and lasting follow-up is essential for all patients.

Downregulation of C3 and C4A/B complement factor fragments in plasma from patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the penis

“…Squamous cell carcinoma of the penis (SCCP) is a rare disease in developed countries, but in emergent countries it can account for 10% of male neoplasms (1,2). Its etiology is not fully understood, but there is a strong association with poor hygienic conditions, phimosis and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (2,3).…”

“…Its etiology is not fully understood, but there is a strong association with poor hygienic conditions, phimosis and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection (2,3). Metastases from penile carcinoma usually spread through penile lymphatic vessels to regional nodes, especially the superfi cial and deep inguinal nodes, and subsequently to the iliac nodes within the pelvis.…”

“…Tumor involvement of inguinal lymph nodes is the best indicator of long-term survival in patients with invasive SCCP (1). Twenty to fi fty percent of patients with penile carcinoma present inguinal involvement at diagnosis and physical examination is a not a reliable predictor or lymph nodes status (2). Therefore, reliable staging information can only be acquired through surgical procedures with subsequent histologic examination of the inguinal lymph nodes.…”

Inguinal Lymph Nodes in Carcinoma Penis-Observation or Surgery?

“…The rate of positive pelvic nodes was found to be 23% in cases with more than two positive inguinal nodes, and 56% for those with more than three positive inguinal nodes, or if there was extra capsular involvement in at least one inguinal node [27]. In the presence of positive pelvic nodes5 year survival is also decreased to 14% [28].…”

Update in the management of penile cancer

“…It has been criticized for prognostic inadequacies as well as for the difficulty of properly assessing clinical stage using only the physical exam and imaging (7). Indeed, some authors choose to report contemporary series according to the 1978 classification (8,9), due in part to a belief that therapy should be determined only by the prior assignment of a clinical stage (10,11).…”