Survival rates in peripheral bronchogenic carcinomas up to four centimeters in diameter presenting as solitary pulmonary nodules

Immunohistopathological re‐evaluation of adenocarcinoma of the lung with mixed subtypes using a tissue microarray technique and hierarchical clustering analysis

“…This finding was consistent with previous studies showing that adenocarcinomas consisting of BAC and an invasive component accounted for a large proportion of small lung adenocarcinomas 6,14,25 . In adenocarcinomas of the lung, many studies have found various clinicopathological prognostic factors such as gender, tumor size, 26–28 lymph node metastasis, 27–30 TNM staging, 31 and vascular and lymphatic invasion 32 . In the present study the PAP‐mixed subgroup contained a high percentage of patients with stage III and IV tumors, and showed frequent lymphatic and venous invasion.…”

A pragmatic and successful approach to treating nonsmall‐cell lung carcinoma

“…Consistent with results from other studies, resection of tumors that were smaller in size and of a lesser stage resulted in better survival rates 1,2,12–15 …”

“…Individuals without nodal spread (ie, stage I) or with intrapleural, regional nodal spread of disease (ie, stage II) may undergo surgical resection, occasionally supplemented with adjuvant therapy (eg, chemotherapy, radiation therapy), in the hope that all disease will be extirpated. Numerous articles attest to the success of surgical resection of NSCLC when the disease is diagnosed before it progresses to extrapleural, mediastinal lymphatic (ie, stage III), or distant metastatic (ie, stage IV) disease 6,14–18 . Until recently, however, the treatment of stage III and stage IV cancer has been considered only palliative—the end result of which is a foregone, dismal conclusion 4 , 5 …”

T2 tumors larger than five centimeters in diameter can be upgraded to T3 in non–small cell lung cancer

“…In this context, many reports have been published on the poor survival for larger NSCLCs and better survival for smaller tumors. Several important contributions appeared in the 1960s and 1970s, when many studies considered size as an autonomous factor in the prognosis: Steele 9 in 1964, Wellons and associates 10 in 1968, Jackman and colleagues 11 in 1969, Yashar and Yashar 12 in 1975, and Soorae and Abbey Smith 13 in 1977 emphasized the very short survival in patients with bulky tumors. The reports in the late 1970s by Soorae and Abbey Smith 13 and in 1984 by Ogata and Naruke 14 described the strong correlation between tumor diameter and lymph node involvement, with the frequency of N2 and N3 increasing in conjunction with an increase in tumor size.…”