Susceptibility of canine chondrocytes and synoviocytes to antibiotic cytotoxicity in vitro

Newman, Robert J.; Chow, Lyndah; Goodrich, Laurie R.; Lambrechts, Nicolaas E.; Dow, Steven; Pezzanite, Lynn M.

doi:10.1111/vsu.13591

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The cytotoxicity of concentrated vancomycin (up to 50 mg/mL) was demonstrated in an in vitro study over 48 h [12]. Other studies have also demonstrated the cytotoxicity of various antibiotics against articular cartilage and other relevant cells [12][13][14][15]. Studies show that cytotoxicity is concentration-dependent [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

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Effect of Vancomycin, Gentamicin and Clindamycin on Cartilage Cells In Vitro

Mayr,

Regenbrecht,

Mayr

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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Background: The treatment of grafts with vancomycin for ligament reconstruction in knee surgery is the current standard. However, high antibiotic concentrations have chondrotoxic effects. Purpose: To test the chondrotoxicity of clindamycin, gentamicin and vancomycin in comparable concentrations. In vitro and in vivo effective concentrations hugely vary from drug to drug. To allow for comparisons between these three commonly used antibiotics, the concentration ranges frequently used in orthopedic surgical settings were tested. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Human cartilage from 10 specimens was used to isolate chondrocytes. The chondrocytes were treated with clindamycin (1 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL), gentamicin (10 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL) or vancomycin (10 mg/mL and 5 mg/mL), at concentrations used for preoperative infection prophylaxis in ligament surgery. Observations were taken over a period of 7 days. A control of untreated chondrocytes was included. To test the chondrotoxicity, a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) test and a water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST-1) assay were performed on days 1, 3 and 7. In addition, microscopic examinations were performed after fluorescence staining of the cells at the same time intervals. Results: All samples showed a reasonable vitality of the cartilage cells after 72 h. However, clindamycin and gentamicin both showed higher chondrotoxicity in all investigations compared to vancomycin. After a period of 7 days, only chondrocytes treated with vancomycin showed reasonable vitality. Conclusions: The preoperative treatment of ligament grafts with vancomycin is the most reasonable method for infection prophylaxis, in accordance with the current study results regarding chondrotoxicity; however, clindamycin and gentamicin cover a wider anti-bacterial spectrum. Clinical Relevance: The prophylactic antibiotic treatment of ligament grafts at concentrations of 5 mg/mL or 10 mg/mL vancomycin is justifiable and reasonable. In specific cases, even the use of gentamicin and clindamycin is appropriate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Other studies have also demonstrated the cytotoxicity of various antibiotics against articular cartilage and other relevant cells [12][13][14][15]. Studies show that cytotoxicity is concentration-dependent [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effect of Vancomycin, Gentamicin and Clindamycin on Cartilage Cells In Vitro

Mayr,

Regenbrecht,

Mayr

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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“…Histopathological analyses have confirmed that this antibiotic causes a decrease in matrix proteoglycans, total cartilage thickness, a decrease in the number of chondrocytes, the appearance of spindle cells, and an increase in the number of gaps and voids in the articular cartilage matrix in young lambs [ 113 ]. Moreover, safety studies of enrofloxacin confirmed that the use of this antibiotic causes a drastic decrease in the viability of chondrocytes, induces their apoptosis and DNA fragmentation, causes an increase in pro-inflammatory factors, such as Il-1β, TNF, and MMP3, and can affect the shape of the actin and vimentin cytoskeleton [ 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 ]. Analogous results were obtained in safety studies of enrofloxacin in growing hens.…”

Section: The Safety Of Enrofloxacin Usementioning

confidence: 99%

Enrofloxacin—The Ruthless Killer of Eukaryotic Cells or the Last Hope in the Fight against Bacterial Infections?

Grabowski

Gaffke

Pierzynowska

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Enrofloxacin is a compound that originates from a group of fluoroquinolones that is widely used in veterinary medicine as an antibacterial agent (this antibiotic is not approved for use as a drug in humans). It reveals strong antibiotic activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, mainly due to the inhibition of bacterial gyrase and topoisomerase IV enzymatic actions. The high efficacy of this molecule has been demonstrated in the treatment of various animals on farms and other locations. However, the use of enrofloxacin causes severe adverse effects, including skeletal, reproductive, immune, and digestive disorders. In this review article, we present in detail and discuss the advantageous and disadvantageous properties of enrofloxacin, showing the benefits and risks of the use of this compound in veterinary medicine. Animal health and the environmental effects of this stable antibiotic (with half-life as long as 3–9 years in various natural environments) are analyzed, as are the interesting properties of this molecule that are expressed when present in complexes with metals. Recommendations for further research on enrofloxacin are also proposed.

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“…39 While studies have shown that higher concentrations of certain antibiotics are increasingly cytotoxic to certain chondrocyte cell lines in vitro, methods for preserving a noninfectious graft are required, and further evaluation of effects of antibiotics on chondrocyte viability is warranted to optimize osteochondral allograft storage. 43,44…”

Section: Antibioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability in the Processing of Fresh Osteochondral Allografts

et al. 2021

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The indications for fresh osteochondral allograft continue to increase. As a result, variations in graft processing and preservation methods have emerged. An understanding of these techniques is important when evaluating the optimal protocol for processing fresh osteochondral allografts prior to surgical implantation. The aim of this study is to review the literature and understand various tissue processing protocols of four leading tissue banks in the United States. Donor procurement, serological and microbiological testing, and storage procedures were compared among companies of interest. Similarities between the major tissue banks include donor screening, aseptic processing, and testing for microorganisms. Variability exists between these companies with relation to choice of storage media, antibiotic usage, storage temperature, and graft expiration dates. Potential exists for increased chondrocyte viability and lengthened time-to-expiration of the graft through a protocol of delicate tissue handling, proper choice of storage medium, adding hormones and growth factors like insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to serum-free nutrient media, and storing these grafts closer to physiologic temperatures.

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Susceptibility of canine chondrocytes and synoviocytes to antibiotic cytotoxicity in vitro

Cited by 9 publications

References 33 publications

Effect of Vancomycin, Gentamicin and Clindamycin on Cartilage Cells In Vitro

Effect of Vancomycin, Gentamicin and Clindamycin on Cartilage Cells In Vitro

Enrofloxacin—The Ruthless Killer of Eukaryotic Cells or the Last Hope in the Fight against Bacterial Infections?

Variability in the Processing of Fresh Osteochondral Allografts

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