Susceptibility to paratuberculosis infection in cattle is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor 2 which modulate immune responses against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Koets, Ad P.; Santema, Wiebren J.; Mertens, Hubert; Oostenrijk, D.; Keestra, M.; Overdijk, Marije B.; Labouriau, Rodrigo; Franken, P.; Frijters, A.; Nielen, M.; Rutten, Victor P.M.G.

doi:10.1016/j.prevetmed.2009.11.008

Cited by 72 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Enhanced pathogen detection, due to genetic or epigenetic differences between animals, could be a major factor differentiating the high versus low phenotype observed in our fibroblasts. Koets et al (2010) observed an SNP in the extracellular portion of the bovine TLR2 gene that was more prevalent in animals seemingly resistant to Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis infection. This SNP resulted in greater proinflammatory cytokine production from monocytes as well as enhanced T-cell activation following challenge.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cow-to-cow variation in fibroblast response to a toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist and its relation to mastitis caused by intramammary challenge with Staphylococcus aureus

Benjamin

Green

Hayden

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of chronic mammary gland infections in dairy cattle. However, the inflammatory response and duration of infection following pathogen exposure is variable between individual animals. To investigate interanimal differences in immune response, dermal fibroblast cultures were established from skin biopsies collected from 50 early lactation Holstein cows. The fibroblasts ability to produce IL-8 in response to a 24-h treatment with a synthetic toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist (Pam2CSK4) was used to assign a response phenotype to the animals. Five high-responding and 5 low-responding animals were then selected for an intramammary challenge with S. aureus to evaluate differences in the inflammatory response, chronicity of infection, and development of antibodies to the pathogen. All animals exhibited clinical symptoms of mastitis at 24h postchallenge. Animals previously classified as high responders experienced a greater inflammatory response characterized by elevated levels of milk somatic cell count, IL-8, and BSA following the challenge compared with low responders. In addition, antibodies toward the challenge strain of S. aureus reached higher levels in whey from the challenged gland of high responders compared with low responders. Despite the antibody response, all 5 high responders were chronically infected for the 6-wk duration of the study, whereas 2 of the low responders cleared the infection, although 1 of these did become reinfected. The observed differences between animals classified as low and high responders based on their fibroblast responsiveness suggests that this cell type can be used to further examine the causes of interanimal variation in response to mammary infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Cow-to-cow variation in fibroblast response to a toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist and its relation to mastitis caused by intramammary challenge with Staphylococcus aureus

Benjamin

Green

Hayden

et al. 2015

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…In cattle, genetic susceptibility markers have been identified [34-38]. Consequently, marker-assisted breeding might be implemented in JD prevention and control strategies [38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of age-dependent susceptibility in calves infected with two doses of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis using pathology and tissue culture

Mortier

Barkema

Bystrom

et al. 2013

Vet Res

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The longstanding assumption that calves of more than 6 months of age are more resistant to Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP) infection has recently been challenged. In order to elucidate this, a challenge experiment was performed to evaluate age- and dose-dependent susceptibility to MAP infection in dairy calves. Fifty-six calves from MAP-negative dams were randomly allocated to 10 MAP challenge groups (5 animals per group) and a negative control group (6 calves). Calves were inoculated orally on 2 consecutive days at 5 ages: 2 weeks and 3, 6, 9 or 12 months. Within each age group 5 calves received either a high – or low – dose of 5 × 109 CFU or 5 × 107 CFU, respectively. All calves were euthanized at 17 months of age. Macroscopic and histological lesions were assessed and bacterial culture was done on numerous tissue samples. Within all 5 age groups, calves were successfully infected with either dose of MAP. Calves inoculated at < 6 months usually had more culture-positive tissue locations and higher histological lesion scores. Furthermore, those infected with a high dose had more severe scores for histologic and macroscopic lesions as well as more culture-positive tissue locations compared to calves infected with a low dose. In conclusion, calves to 1 year of age were susceptible to MAP infection and a high infection dose produced more severe lesions than a low dose.

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“…An increasing number of investigations suggest that the polymorphisms of certain genes are associated with susceptibility/resistance to some diseases, such as polymorphisms in major histocompatibility complex, IL-10 receptor alpha/beta, TLRs, mannose binding lectin and prion protein gene [21e25], and these polymorphisms could be used as molecular markers to aid selective breeding of new strains which have strong resistance to certain diseases. Polymorphisms of TLRs have been demonstrated to be associated with resistance to a variety of diseases in human and cattle [11,12,26]. However, to the best of our knowledge, grass carp is vulnerable to many kinds of pathogens, no such polymorphism has been identified in grass carp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The polymorphism and haplotype of TLR3 gene in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and their associations with susceptibility/resistance to grass carp reovirus

Heng

Huang

et al. 2011

Fish & Shellfish Immunology

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Susceptibility to paratuberculosis infection in cattle is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in Toll-like receptor 2 which modulate immune responses against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Cited by 72 publications

References 42 publications

Cow-to-cow variation in fibroblast response to a toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist and its relation to mastitis caused by intramammary challenge with Staphylococcus aureus

Cow-to-cow variation in fibroblast response to a toll-like receptor 2/6 agonist and its relation to mastitis caused by intramammary challenge with Staphylococcus aureus

Evaluation of age-dependent susceptibility in calves infected with two doses of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis using pathology and tissue culture

The polymorphism and haplotype of TLR3 gene in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and their associations with susceptibility/resistance to grass carp reovirus

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