Sustainability and forest transitions in the southern Yucatán: The land architecture approach

Turner, B. L.

doi:10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.03.006

Cited by 57 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…The land-system boundary should be implemented at multiple scales through a fine-grained global land architecture (Turner 2009) that (i) reserves the most productive land for agricultural use, (ii) maintains high conservation-value forests and other ecosystems in their current states, and (iii) maintains carbon-rich soils and ecosystems in their undisturbed or carefully managed condition.…”

Section: Land-system Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity

Rockström¹,

Steffen²,

Noone³

et al. 2009

E&S

4,977

2,745

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ABSTRACT. Anthropogenic pressures on the Earth System have reached a scale where abrupt global environmental change can no longer be excluded. We propose a new approach to global sustainability in which we define planetary boundaries within which we expect that humanity can operate safely.Transgressing one or more planetary boundaries may be deleterious or even catastrophic due to the risk of crossing thresholds that will trigger non-linear, abrupt environmental change within continental-to planetary-scale systems. We have identified nine planetary boundaries and, drawing upon current scientific understanding, we propose quantifications for seven of them. These seven are climate change (CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere <350 ppm and/or a maximum change of +1 W m -2 in radiative forcing); ocean acidification (mean surface seawater saturation state with respect to aragonite ≥ 80% of pre-industrial levels); stratospheric ozone (<5% reduction in O 3 concentration from pre-industrial level of 290 Dobson Units); biogeochemical nitrogen (N) cycle (limit industrial and agricultural fixation of N 2 to 35 Tg N yr -1 ) and phosphorus (P) cycle (annual P inflow to oceans not to exceed 10 times the natural background weathering of P); global freshwater use (<4000 km 3 yr -1 of consumptive use of runoff resources); land system change (<15% of the ice-free land surface under cropland); and the rate at which biological diversity is lost (annual rate of <10 extinctions per million species). The two additional planetary boundaries for which we have not yet been able to determine a boundary level are chemical pollution and atmospheric aerosol loading. We estimate that humanity has already transgressed three planetary boundaries: for climate change, rate of biodiversity loss, and changes to the global nitrogen cycle. Planetary boundaries are interdependent, because transgressing one may both shift the position of other boundaries or cause them to be transgressed. The social impacts of transgressing boundaries will be a function of the social-ecological resilience of the affected societies. Our proposed boundaries are rough, first estimates only, surrounded by large uncertainties and knowledge gaps. Filling these gaps will require major advancements in Earth System and resilience science. The proposed concept of "planetary boundaries" lays the groundwork for shifting our approach to governance and management, away from the essentially sectoral analyses of limits to growth aimed at minimizing negative externalities, toward the estimation of the safe space for human development. Planetary boundaries define, as it were, the boundaries of the "planetary playing field" for humanity if we want to be sure of avoiding major human-induced environmental change on a global scale.

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Section: Land-system Changementioning

confidence: 99%

Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity

Rockström¹,

Steffen²,

Noone³

et al. 2009

E&S

4,977

2,745

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Hence the area under forests as percentage of the geographical area was chosen as positively influencing agricultural sustainability 22 .…”

Section: Forest Covermentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis on Agricultural Sustainability in India

2017

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“…The literature on adaptation has not yet provided empirical cases analyzing the secondary outcomes of farmers' climate adaptation on forests. Likewise, for decades scholars have extensively studied land-use change (Angelsen and Kaimowitz 2001, Rudel et al 2009, Turner 2010b, Lambin and Meyfroidt 2011, Hosonuma et al 2012, without analyzing the impact of adaptation as a deforestation driver.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unintended outcomes of farmers’ adaptation to climate variability: deforestation and conservation in Calakmul and Maya biosphere reserves

Rodriguez-Solorzano¹

2014

E&S

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ABSTRACT. Minimizing the impact of climate change on farmer livelihoods is crucial, but adaptation efforts may have unintended consequences for ecosystems, with potential impacts on farmers' welfare. Unintended outcomes of climate adaptation strategies have been widely discussed, however, empirical exploration has been neglected. Grounded in scholarship on climate adaptation, environmental governance, social-ecological systems, and land-use change, this paper studies whether farmers' climate adaptation contributes to deforestation or forest conservation. The paper draws on interviews with 353 farmers from 46 communities in Calakmul Biosphere Reserve in Mexico and Maya Biosphere Reserve in Guatemala. Farmers in the area of study have implemented adaptation strategies that people around the world have used for centuries, including migration, diversification, savings, and pooling. The findings show that climate adaptation can increase deforestation or support forest conservation depending on the type of adaptation strategy farmers implement. Saving, based on cattle ranching, is a deforestation-driving strategy. The choice of this strategy is influenced by distance to the commercial and administrative center and cash benefits from the forest. Deforestation can have a negative impact on farmers' welfare, as well as harm biodiversity and contribute to increased climate change. Thus, deforestation-driving adaptation strategies may be ineffective. However, diversification, based on off-farm jobs and operating provision shops, is a conservation-driving strategy influenced by distance as well as by family size. Farmers who choose diversification to adapt may contribute to a virtuous circle in which livelihood improvement in the short term leads to enhanced social-ecological resilience in the longer term. The need for farmers to implement adaptation strategies thus represents great risk but also opportunities.

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Sustainability and forest transitions in the southern Yucatán: The land architecture approach

Cited by 57 publications

References 98 publications

Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity

Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity

An Analysis on Agricultural Sustainability in India

Unintended outcomes of farmers’ adaptation to climate variability: deforestation and conservation in Calakmul and Maya biosphere reserves

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Sustainability and forest transitions in the southern Yucatán: The land architecture approach

Cited by 57 publications

References 98 publications

Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity

Planetary Boundaries: Exploring the Safe Operating Space for Humanity

An Analysis on Agricultural Sustainability in India

Unintended outcomes of farmers&#8217; adaptation to climate variability: deforestation and conservation in Calakmul and Maya biosphere reserves

Contact Info

Product

Resources

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Unintended outcomes of farmers’ adaptation to climate variability: deforestation and conservation in Calakmul and Maya biosphere reserves