Sustainable and equitable sanitation in informal settlements of Cape Town: a common vision?

Pan, SM; Armitage, Neil; Ryneveld, MB Van

doi:10.4314/wsa.v41i2.7

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In fact, removing visible fat from meat before consumption has been shown to be protective against ID. It is also important to note that, while being overweight in adolescence increases the chances of becoming anemic by at least 2.6-fold; being overweight and obese in adulthood (19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35) years) seems to be protective against ID and IDA. In the younger adult group (19-24 years), ethnicity and education levels also influence ID and IDA: black South Africans and those who have completed grades 8-12 were up to 40 and 15 times more likely to have ID or IDA, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, despite the fact that malaria is not common in the country, individuals residing in rural and informal urban communities are exposed to various parasites (including nematodes) owing to their lack of access to decent sanitary services (flushing toilets, in particular). 32 Investigating the aforementioned challenges is beyond the scope of the current research; however, when we closely examined participants who had valid data on serum glucose, BP, and CRP levels, we observed that 2675 (84.0%), 767 (27.5%), and 1844 (63.1%) had CRP detected in their blood, abnormal HbAlc levels (i.e., had uncontrolled blood glucose levels), and DBP and SBP values that were above normal (i.e., were preand hypertensive), respectively (data not shown). We also observed a trend of increased anemia prevalence with increasing serum CRP levels (i.e., 18.3% for CRP < 1, 19.7% for CRP = 1-3, and 22.1% for CRP > 3).…”

Section: Confounders Of Anemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding the determinants of hemoglobin and iron status: adolescent–adult women comparisons in SANHANES‐1

Mchiza

Parker

Sewpaul

et al. 2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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The study compared hemoglobin (Hb) and serum ferritin levels between adolescent and adult women with different body mass indices, dietary intake, and sociodemography. A secondary analysis of data for 3177 South African women ⩾15 years of age who participated in the SANHANES-1 study was undertaken. Abnormal Hb (≤12 g/dL) and serum ferritin (<15 μg/mL) were based on the World Health Organization's criteria for nonpregnant women aged ⩾15 years. Data were analyzed using STATA version 11. Overall, anemia was detected in 740 (23.3%) participants. Of the individuals in the subsample (n = 1123, 15-35 years) who had serum ferritin measured, 6.0% presented with iron depletion (ID) and 10.8% presented with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA). The highest prevalences of anemia, ID, and IDA were in 15- to 18-year-olds (11.2%, 8.8%, and 20.2%, respectively). Black young adults (19-24 years) were up to 40 times more likely to present with ID compared with their non-black counterparts. While overweight adolescents were three times more likely to be anemic, overweight and obese young adults, as well as obese older adults (25-35 years), were less likely to be anemic compared with normal-weight women of all age groups. Overconsumption of dietary fat increased ID by up to 54- and 11-fold (adolescents and 25- to 35-year-olds, respectively). In South Africa, anemia is most prevalent in adolescents and black women. Anemia is also an indicator of overconsumption of dietary fat and a marker of socioeconomic disadvantage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Confounders Of Anemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

Understanding the determinants of hemoglobin and iron status: adolescent–adult women comparisons in SANHANES‐1

Mchiza

Parker

Sewpaul

et al. 2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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“…Moreover, equity and ethical issues arise when providing cheaper and incomplete solutions for informal settlements. Problems include, for instance, accessibility of the elderly, children and disabled people (Pan et al 2015). Hence, understanding these determinants that define WASH decisions within a community is necessary for developing solutions that are desired, affordable, feasible and sustainable to SSA communities, particularly to the most fragile ones.…”

Section: Gender In Washmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community engagement in water, sanitation and hygiene in sub-Saharan Africa: does it WASH?

Tsekleves

Braga

Abonge

et al. 2022

Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development

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This transdisciplinary literature review paper aims at addressing the literature lacuna in community engagement and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in sub-Saharan countries. By responding to a set of identified WASH-related questions to community engagement, it explores through different disciplinary lenses the challenges and opportunities in this significant area that impacts human health. This transdisciplinary review brought together the disciplines of water engineering, environmental microbiology, public health and infectious disease, design research, women and gender studies, and developmental studies. It examined over 430 papers with 29 papers included in the final review. The main findings suggest integrating women into leadership roles in community water management and water and sanitation programmes can lead to more sustainability and can make water projects more effective. Second, cultural preferences should be a key factor when planning and implementing WASH technologies and interventions. Third, for community engagement to be effective, it should be done with intentionality and over a longer period; and employ existing culturally embedded leadership structures, such as schoolteachers, religious leaders and train change agents.

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Use of low bandwidth network technologies and sensors for operation and performance monitoring of rural development projects: A case study in South Africa

Solms

Meyer

2021

E J Info Sys Dev Countries

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Poor infrastructure maintenance of basic services in developing countries undermine economic development and sustainability. The process of reactive maintenance on equipment are practiced in many rural projects, resulting in a range of challenges, including high cost, shorter life expectancy of equipment and inefficient use of project engagement time by project teams. This paper proposes the use of low data rate sensors for the monitoring of rural infrastructure to assist in the practice of preventive maintenance in rural projects. The paper argues and demonstrates the importance of on-going operation and performance monitoring of infrastructure to implement preventive maintenance throughout the life cycle of rural infrastructure projects with the use of a case study-a remote village in rural South Africa. The implementation of preventive maintenance practices in rural projects show that project maintenance budgets can be utilized more efficiently when compared to traditional reactive maintenance. In addition to the reduction of maintenance cost, the implementation of preventive maintenance can lead to better life expectancy of equipment as well as safer operating and maintenance conditions for operators and maintenance teams. Findings reveal that the utilization of low data rate sensors for equipment operation and performance monitoring can support rural development as it assists preventive maintenance solutions, replacing reactive maintenance strategies. The paper further aims to assist project teams working in rural projects to improve support and maintenance of deployed infrastructure and equipment to improve the sustainability of these rural projects. The contribution of this paper is the demonstration of how the implementation of low bandwidth network technologies and sensors can be utilized for operation and performance monitoring in deep rural projects without incurring major costs to support the sustainability of these projects.

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Sustainable and equitable sanitation in informal settlements of Cape Town: a common vision?

Cited by 10 publications

References 0 publications

Understanding the determinants of hemoglobin and iron status: adolescent–adult women comparisons in SANHANES‐1

Understanding the determinants of hemoglobin and iron status: adolescent–adult women comparisons in SANHANES‐1

Community engagement in water, sanitation and hygiene in sub-Saharan Africa: does it WASH?

Use of low bandwidth network technologies and sensors for operation and performance monitoring of rural development projects: A case study in South Africa

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