Sustainable Urban Transport Financing from the Sidewalk to the Subway: Capital, Operations, and Maintenance Financing

Abstract

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Transformation of Trolleybus Transport in Poland. Does In-Motion Charging (Technology) Matter?

“…Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, even cities from well-developed countries fall into the "underfunding trap" in the area of urban transport [26]. The pandemic resulted in a dramatic reduction in demand for public transport [27] and a farebox decline of 40 billion EUR in 2020 [28].…”

The Sri Lankan Economy:

“…Land value capture refers to a set of mechanisms designed to recover all or part of the increase in land values created through public infrastructure investment or from society more generally through urban and economic growth. The recaptured funding resources can then be channeled to pay for infrastructure investments and other public services (MDR 2001;Peterson 2009;Walters 2013;Kim 2016;Suzuki et al 2015;Ardila-Gomez and Ortegon-Sanchez 2016;Siemens et al 2016).…”

“…Another land value capture approach is through joint development projects, involving cooperation between the government and the private sector, but not necessarily through a public-private partnership (PPP) arrangement. Two successful examples of large-scale joint-development projects are found in Hong Kong, China and Tokyo, Japan (Floater and Rode 2014;Suzuki et al 2015;Ardila-Gomez and Ortegon-Sanchez 2016). As Table 7.11 indicates, a variety of taxes and charges that are related to increases in land values have been adapted and adopted across the urban world.…”

“…Mobilizing financial resources is critical to ensure sustainable urbanization. While financing instruments are needed to raise the upfront costs to build urban infrastructure, the underlying funding instruments are critical to provide the stream of revenues needed to deliver current urban services and provide the funding leverage needed to mobilize upfront infrastructure financing while protecting environmental amenities (Slack 2009;Eichler et al 2012;WEF 2014;Amirtahmasebi et al 2016;Ardila-Gomez and Ortegon-Sanchez 2016;DuPuis and McFarland 2016;Kim 2016).…”

Achieving Energy Savings by Intelligent Transportation Systems Investments in the Context of Smart Cities

“…Compared to cities in developed countries with the best international practices in smart mobility-discussed in previous sections-cities in developing countries tend to have: (1) lower motorization level, but high growth rate and higher congestion levels; (2) less-developed existing infrastructure; (3) less financial resources for both capital investment and operation and maintenance expenses [Ardila-Gomez and Ortegon-Sanchez (2016)]; and (4) lower institutional and technical capacity. In the context of the smart cities movement, where traditional ITS transform into more people-centric, data-driven "smart mobility" powered by bottom-up innovations, cities in developing countries face both leapfrog opportunities and also challenges in institutional, technical, and physical aspects.…”