Switch From Oral to Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia: Summary of Coverage, Immunity, and Environmental Surveillance

Wahjuhono, Gendro; Revolusiana,; Widhiastuti, Dyah; Sundoro, Julitasari; Mardani, Tri; Ratih, Woro Umi; Sutomo, Retno; Safitri, Ida; Sampurno, Ondri Dwi; Rana, Bardan J.; Roivainen, Merja; Kahn, Anna-Léa; Mach, Ondrej; Pallansch, Mark A.; Sutter, Roland W.

doi:10.1093/infdis/jiu060

Cited by 30 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Previous studies have reported a rapid decline in PV isolation around the OPV-to-IPV transition period, with a disappearance of PV vaccine strains from wastewater within 2 to 3 months after the cessation of OPV administration (40)(41)(42)(43). In contrast, our study showed the disappearance of Sabin-like PVs from the environment before OPV immunization had ceased (Fig.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Environmental Surveillance of Poliovirus in Sewage Water around the Introduction Period for Inactivated Polio Vaccine in Japan

Nakamura

Hamasaki

Yoshitomi

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Environmental virus surveillance was conducted at two independent sewage plants from urban and rural areas in the northern prefecture of the Kyushu district, Japan, to trace polioviruses (PVs) within communities. Consequently, 83 PVs were isolated over a 34-month period from April 2010 to January 2013. The frequency of PV isolation at the urban plant was 1.5 times higher than that at the rural plant. Molecular sequence analysis of the viral VP1 gene identified all three serotypes among the PV isolates, with the most prevalent serotype being type 2 (46%). Nearly all poliovirus isolates exhibited more than one nucleotide mutation from the Sabin vaccine strains. During this study, inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) was introduced for routine immunization on 1 September 2012, replacing the live oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV). Interestingly, the frequency of PV isolation from sewage waters declined before OPV cessation at both sites. Our study highlights the importance of environmental surveillance for the detection of the excretion of PVs from an OPV-immunized population in a highly sensitive manner, during the OPV-to-IPV transition period.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Environmental Surveillance of Poliovirus in Sewage Water around the Introduction Period for Inactivated Polio Vaccine in Japan

Nakamura

Hamasaki

Yoshitomi

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…The frequency of SL2 detection in both BMFS and twophase samples can provide an important baseline to compare SL2 prevalence and persistence after the switch from trivalent OPV to bivalent OPV. The frequency of SL2 detection was comparable to other settings (Esteves-Jaramillo et al 2014;Nakamura et al 2015;Wahjuhono et al 2014;Wang et al 2014). This may be due to the high rate of PV2 shedding (88%), compared to PV1 (42%) and PV3 (58%) shedding 1 week after OPV use (Laassri et al 2005) as demonstrated by frequent PV2 detection within 3 weeks after OPV use (n = 10) compared to prior to OPV use (n = 32) (SL1: 40% vs. 38%, SL2: 90% vs. 84%, and SL3: 60% vs. 59% in BMFS and two-phase samples, respectively).…”

Section: Virus Detectionsupporting

confidence: 70%

Feasibility of the Bag-Mediated Filtration System for Environmental Surveillance of Poliovirus in Kenya

et al. 2019

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The bag-mediated filtration system (BMFS) was developed to facilitate poliovirus (PV) environmental surveillance, a supplement to acute flaccid paralysis surveillance in PV eradication efforts. From April to September 2015, environmental samples were collected from four sites in Nairobi, Kenya, and processed using two collection/concentration methodologies: BMFS (> 3 L filtered) and grab sample (1 L collected; 0.5 L concentrated) with two-phase separation. BMFS and two-phase samples were analyzed for PV by the standard World Health Organization poliovirus isolation algorithm followed by intratypic differentiation. BMFS samples were also analyzed by a cell culture independent real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) and an alternative cell culture method (integrated cell culture-rRT-PCR with PLC/PRF/5, L20B, and BGM cell lines). Sabin polioviruses were detected in a majority of samples using BMFS (37/42) and two-phase separation (32/42). There was statistically more frequent detection of Sabin-like PV type 3 in samples concentrated with BMFS (22/42) than by two-phase separation (14/42, p = 0.035), possibly due to greater effective volume assayed (870 mL vs. 150 mL). Despite this effective volume assayed, there was no statistical difference in Sabin-like PV type 1 and Sabin-like PV type 2 detection between these methods (9/42 vs. 8/42, p = 0.80 and 27/42 vs. 32/42, p = 0.18, respectively). This study demonstrated that BMFS can be used for PV environmental surveillance and established a feasible study design for future research.

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“…On the other hand, Yogyakarta in Indonesia also switched to an all IPV schedule and has not detected any VDPVs since the change [50]. Yogyakarta had very high coverage and improved economic and public health infrastructure which may limit generalizability of this case to the low-income settings.…”

Section: End Game Barriersmentioning

confidence: 92%

Polio Vaccination: Past, Present and Future

et al. 2015

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Live attenuated oral polio vaccine (OPV) and inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) are the tools being used to achieve eradication of wild polio virus. Because OPV can rarely cause paralysis and generate revertant polio strains, IPV will have to replace OPV after eradication of wild polio virus is certified to sustain eradication of all polioviruses. However, uncertainties remain related to IPV's ability to induce intestinal immunity in populations where fecal-oral transmission is predominant. Although substantial effectiveness and safety data exist on the use and delivery of OPV and IPV, several new research initiatives are currently underway to fill specific knowledge gaps to inform future vaccination policies that would assure polio is eradicated and eradication is maintained.

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Switch From Oral to Inactivated Poliovirus Vaccine in Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia: Summary of Coverage, Immunity, and Environmental Surveillance

Abstract: This project demonstrated that under almost ideal conditions (good hygiene, maintenance of universally high IPV coverage, and corresponding high immunity against polioviruses), no emergence and circulation of VDPV could be detected in a tropical developing country setting.

Cited by 30 publications

References 7 publications

Environmental Surveillance of Poliovirus in Sewage Water around the Introduction Period for Inactivated Polio Vaccine in Japan

Environmental Surveillance of Poliovirus in Sewage Water around the Introduction Period for Inactivated Polio Vaccine in Japan

Feasibility of the Bag-Mediated Filtration System for Environmental Surveillance of Poliovirus in Kenya

Polio Vaccination: Past, Present and Future

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