Security analysis of quantum cryptographic protocols is mostly presented with situational quantum attacks and still lacks general analysis methods. As an effective analysis tool in classical cryptography, the random oracle (RO) model has been used to design cryptographic protocols and give rigorous proofs of security over 20 years. In this work, with reference to the classical RO model, we provide a general security analysis tool, namely, the quantum random oracle (QRO), for facilitating the security analysis of quantum cryptographic protocols, especially protocols based on quantum one-way function. QRO is used to model quantum one-way function and different queries to QRO are used to model quantum attacks. A typical application of quantum one-way function is the quantum digital signature, whose progress has been hampered by the slow pace of the experimental realization. Alternatively, we use the QRO model to analyze the provable security of a quantum digital signature scheme and elaborate the analysis procedure. This work is presented in detail in [1].