Symptoms of Psychopathology Within Groups of Eating-Disordered, Restrained Eating, and Unrestrained Eating Individuals

Objective: Anhedonia, or loss of pleasure, is related to deficits in reward processing across a variety of psychiatric disorders. In light of research suggesting abnormal reward processing in eating disorders (EDs), the study of anhedonia in EDs may yield important insights into the role of reward in eating pathology. This meta-analysis and review aimed to provide both a quantitative and qualitative synthesis of the existing literature on this topic. Method:We conducted this research (or these meta-analyses) according to PRISMA guidelines. We searched four databases for both peer-reviewed and unpublished literature, and included studies only if a self-report or clinical interview measure of anhedonia was administered to a sample with an ED diagnosis. Results:We included 21 studies in the systematic review, and 10 studies in two meta-analyses that compared anhedonia between ED and control samples (n = 9 studies) and within different ED diagnoses (n = 5 studies). Meta-analyses revealed that anhedonia was significantly higher in ED groups compared to healthy controls, but there was no significant difference in anhedonia between ED diagnostic groups.A qualitative review of the literature also suggested that anhedonia may be correlated with increased ED symptom severity.Discussion: Findings indicated that anhedonia is elevated in EDs and may be a relevant treatment target. Future research should examine how self-reported anhedonia may correlate with components of reward processing in EDs in order to improve theoretical models as well as targeted interventions. ResumenObjetivo: La anhedonia, o pérdida de placer, está relacionada con déficits en el procesamiento de recompensas en una variedad de trastornos psiquiátricos. A la luz de la investigaci on que sugiere una anormalidad en el proceso de la recompensa en los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA), el estudio de la anhedonia en los TCA puede producir informaci on importante sobre el papel de la recompensa en la patología alimentaria. Este metanálisis y revisi on tuvo como objetivo proporcionar una síntesis cuantitativa y cualitativa de la literatura existente sobre este tema.Erin E. Reilly and Kamryn T. Eddy shared senior authorship.

Section: Comparing Ed and Hc Groupsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Anhedonia in eating disorders: A meta‐analysis and systematic review

Dolan

Khindri

Franko

et al. 2021

“…Questionnaires are also susceptible to inattention; however, the online platform used for parent recruitment in the current study, Mechanical Turk, provides high‐quality data from diverse, internally motivated participants and allows for the inclusion of items designed to evaluate participants' attention . Mechanical Turk has been used in psychological and psychiatric research and eating research …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…30 Mechanical Turk has been used in psychological and psychiatric research 33,34 and eating research. 35 Despite these limitations, the current study had noteworthy strengths: inclusion of fathers in BED, OB and HW groups (in addition to mothers), focus on BED with obesity and healthy weight comparison groups, use of a community sample (i.e., lessening treatment-seeking confounds), and examination of both parental feeding practices and child eating behaviors. Eating disorders have complex etiology including genetic influences, environmental influences, and psychosocial learning processes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent comparisons indicate psychometric properties of measures completed by Mechanical Turk participants do not differ in reliability or validity from participants recruited using traditional sources . Mechanical Turk has been used in psychological and psychiatric research, including eating research . To be eligible to complete the survey, participants had to be at least 21 years old and be primary caregivers for a child 5–15 years old.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31 Mechanical Turk has been used in psychological and psychiatric research, 33,34 including eating research. 35 To be eligible to complete the survey, participants had to be at least 21 years old and be primary caregivers for a child 5-15 years old. This study was reviewed and approved by our university's institutional review board; all participants provided informed consent.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Children of parents with BED have more eating behavior disturbance than children of parents with obesity or healthy weight

Lydecker

Grilo

2016

Objective A limited literature suggests an association between parental eating disorders and child eating-disorder behaviors although this research has focused primarily on restrictive-type eating disorders and very little is known about families with binge-eating disorder. Methods The current study focused on parents (N=331; 103 fathers and 226 mothers), comparing parents with core features of binge-eating disorder (BED; n=63) to parents with obesity and no eating disorder (OB; n=85) and parents with healthy-weight and no eating disorder (HW; n=183). Results Parents with BED were significantly more likely than OB and HW parents to report child binge eating, and more likely than HW parents to report child overeating. Parents with BED felt greater responsibility for child feeding than OB parents, and felt more concern about their child's weight than OB and HW parents. Dietary restriction of the child by the parents was related to child binge eating, overeating, and child overweight, and parental group was related to child binge eating (parental BED), overeating (parental BED) and child weight (parental OB). Conclusion Parents with BED report greater disturbance in their children's eating than OB and HW parents, and OB parents report higher child weight than HW parents. This suggests that it is important to consider both eating-disorder psychopathology and obesity in clinical interventions and research. Our cross-sectional findings, which require experimental and prospective confirmations, provide preliminary evidence suggesting potential factors in families with parental BED and obesity to address in treatment and prevention efforts for pediatric eating disorders and obesity.

Longitudinal relations of self‐criticism with disordered eating behaviors and nonsuicidal self‐injury

Zelkowitz

Cole

2020

ObjectiveSelf‐criticism has been proposed as a transdiagnostic predictor of disordered eating and nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI). First, this study explored cross‐sectional associations of multiple disordered eating behaviors, NSSI, and self‐criticism. Second, it tested longitudinal relations of self‐criticism with disordered eating and NSSI, adjusting for baseline levels of both behaviors.MethodsIn Sub‐study 1, undergraduates (N = 251, 79.5% female, Mage = 19.1 years) completed self‐report measures of disordered eating, NSSI, and self‐criticism at baseline and after 8 weeks. In Sub‐study 2, community‐based young adults with histories of disordered eating, NSSI, or both (N = 517, 88.8% female, Mage = 24.7 years) completed measures of disordered eating, NSSI, and self‐criticism at baseline and after 4 weeks. All measures were completed online.ResultsIn Sub‐study 1, both disordered eating and NSSI showed significant cross‐sectional associations with self‐criticism, and self‐criticism was significantly related to binge eating, fasting, and NSSI at follow‐up. In Sub‐study 2, both behaviors again showed significant cross‐sectional associations with self‐criticism. Self‐criticism showed significant longitudinal relations with fasting, purging, and excessive exercise. Longitudinal relations of self‐criticism with NSSI varied across disordered eating behaviors.DiscussionNSSI showed cross‐sectional associations with a range of disordered eating behaviors. Self‐criticism reflects a common correlate of both disordered eating and NSSI. Evidence supported transdiagnostic longitudinal impact of self‐criticism across multiple forms of disordered eating but provided more limited support for impacts on NSSI.