Synaptic connections of intrinsic cells and basket arborizations in the external plexiform layer of the fly's eye

Campos‐Ortega, José A.; Strausfeld, N. J.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(73)90255-2

Cited by 81 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The number of lamina amacrine neurons in the Drosophila melanogaster lamina has not been documented. Based on the observations in M i m a (Campos-Ortega and Strausfeld, 1973) one might expect to see more than just a few amacrine neurons in the Drosophila lamina. (Note in this context that interspecies differences are most obvious among thc amacrine neurons according to Strausfeld ( 1976) ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Characterization and spatial distribution of the ELAV protein during Drosophila melanogaster development

1991

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The embryonic lethal abnormal visual system (elav) gene of Drosophila melanogaster is required for the development and maintenance of the nervous system. Transcripts from this locus are distributed ubiquitously throughout the nervous system at all developmental stages. A product of this gene, the ELAV protein, has homology to known RNA binding proteins. The localization of the ELAV protein was studied in all developmental stages using antibodies that were generated against a hybrid protein made in Escherichia coli. In general, these data are consistent with previous results and demonstrate that (1) the ELAV protein is detected in the developing embryonic nervous system at a time coincident with the birth of the first neurons, (2) the ELAV protein is first detected in the majority of neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems of embryos, larvae, pupae, and adults, (3) the ELAV protein appears to be localized to the nucleus, and (4) the ELAV protein is not detected in neuroblasts or identifiable glia. These data also provide new information concerning elav expression and show that (1) ELAV is not expressed in the ganglion mother cells (GMCs), (2) while the ELAV protein is localized to the nucleus, it is not uniformly distributed throughout this structure, and (3) other Drosophila species do express an ELAV-like antigen. We propose that the elav gene provides a neuronal-housekeeping function that is required for the successful posttranscriptional processing of transcripts from a set of genes the function of which is required for proper neuronal development and maintenance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Characterization and spatial distribution of the ELAV protein during Drosophila melanogaster development

1991

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“…These are defined by dendritic trees of retinotopic neurons, tangential processes of wide field efferent or afferent neurons and, crucially, laminar arrangements of amacrine cells that provide local interactions among the retinotopic columns. This arrangement is exemplified by the organization of local circuits among optic cartridges provided by amacrine cells and a class of centripetal cells called T1 neurons (Campos-Ortega and Strausfeld, 1973). As will be described below, these associations may also play a crucial role in motion detection.…”

Section: Representation Of Visual Space In Retinotopic Neuropilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A sixth efferent neuron extends from each optic cartridge. This is the basket cell T1, the dendrites of which receive inputs indirectly from photoreceptors via the processes of amacrine cells (Campos-Ortega and Strausfeld, 1973). It is this last system of connections that provides the most peripheral and systematic network of connections among VSUs (see Fig.…”

Section: Lamina Monopolar Cells and T1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical organization of retinotopic motion‐sensitive pathways in the optic lobes of flies

Douglass

Strausfeld

2003

Microscopy Res & Technique

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Anatomical methods have identified conserved neuronal morphologies and synaptic relationships among small-field retinotopic neurons in insect optic lobes. These conserved cell shapes occur across many species of dipteran insects and are also shared by Lepidoptera and Hymenoptera. The suggestion that such conserved neurons should participate in motion computing circuits finds support from intracellular recordings as well as older studies that used radioactive deoxyglucose labeling to reveal strata with motion-specific activity in an achromatic neuropil called the lobula plate. While intracellular recordings provide detailed information about the motion-sensitive or motion-selective responses of identified neurons, a full understanding of how arrangements of identified neurons compute and integrate information about visual motion will come from a multidisciplinary approach that includes morphological circuit analysis, the use of genetic mutants that exhibit specific deficits in motion processing, and biomimetic models. The latter must be based on the organization and connections of real neurons, yet provide output properties similar to those of more traditional theoretical models based on behavioral observations that date from the 1950s. Microsc. Res. Tech. 62:132-150, 2003.

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“…According to these rules the unique identification of R1-R6 was as reliable in the pupa as in the adult, assuming that the receptor terminals neither braid and unbraid their positions during development nor that they rotate them as a group with respect to those of L1/L2 and L3/L4. Additional pairs of profiles interpolated between neighbouring receptor terminals are the ~ processes of amacrine cells and the processes of T1 cells (Campos-Ortega & Strausfeld, 1973), which are numbered in this . 4c) with a remnant postsynaptic density; the edge of the presynaptic platform (arrow, Fig.…”

Section: Components Of the Cartridgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Distinction between each member of the two was made in the older stages by the invaginations into one of them (]~) by the investing glial cell at so-called gnarls (Campos-Ortega & Strausfeld, 1973) but in earlier stages, before the appearance of the latter (i.e. before 94% pupal development) by the postsynaptic contribution of ~ profiles to incipient receptor tetrads.…”

Section: Components Of the Cartridgementioning

confidence: 99%

Synaptogenesis in the first optic neuropile of the fly's visual system

Fröhlich¹,

Meinertzhagen

1982

J Neurocytol

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The developmental transformation of the chief afferent class of fly photoreceptor synapse has been examined from serial electron micrographs of animals fixed at 74, 81, 94 and 100% pupal development (100% pupal development being defined by the time of normal adult eclosion). Animals were selected both by their age and the conformity of their eye coloration to standards for each stage. Two animals were analysed from each stage, one in greater detail than the other. For the first, the exact coordinates of the cartridges (the synaptic columns of the first optic neuropile) from which the analyses were made were mapped and selected to be within the same region of the eye field at all stages. From all animals a portion of one or two cartridges was analysed from series of up to 100 sections and the synapse populations (greater than 80) were analysed for their fine structure and postsynaptic composition. Adult synapses are confirmed as tetrads, with two of the four postsynaptic elements invariably from two monopolar interneurons L1 and L2, one from each. The two others are usually from alpha processes of the same amacrine cell. Synapses appear during the last half of pupal development, with no obvious asynchrony of ultrastructural maturation and in parallel with those of at least one of the other synaptic classes present (which were otherwise not studied). Many adult features of synaptic ultrastructure emerge late, only by 94% pupal development. These include adult numbers of synaptic vesicles, the complete form of the presynaptic ribbon with platform and the postsynaptic cisternae of L1/L2. Prior to 94% the synapses are smaller with postsynaptic elements having a less regular geometry and with postsynaptic densities which are subsequently lost (alpha processes) or replaced by cisternae (L1/L2). At the presynaptic sites of the younger animals (74%, 81%) dyads and triads of postsynaptic elements coexist with tetrads, those of older animals having, on average, more postsynaptic processes per synapse. It is suggested that individual synapses assemble piecemeal, element by element.

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Synaptic connections of intrinsic cells and basket arborizations in the external plexiform layer of the fly's eye

Cited by 81 publications

References 7 publications

Characterization and spatial distribution of the ELAV protein during Drosophila melanogaster development

Characterization and spatial distribution of the ELAV protein during Drosophila melanogaster development

Anatomical organization of retinotopic motion‐sensitive pathways in the optic lobes of flies

Synaptogenesis in the first optic neuropile of the fly's visual system

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