Synbiotic consumption changes the metabolism and composition of the gut microbiota in older people and modifies inflammatory processes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study

Macfarlane, Sandra; Cleary, Sonja; Bahrami, Bahram; Reynolds, N; Macfarlane, G.T.

doi:10.1111/apt.12453

Cited by 124 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…However, further mechanistic studies are needed. Beneficial changes in butyrate and inflammation have been shown with use of synbiotics in elderly patients, noting that these factors may be another aspect to improve the impaired inflammatory-immune basis of inflamm-aging 81228. Further studies focusing on improving the altered gut-brain axis in cirrhotic elderly patients and potentially using specific stool bacteria as biomarkers for disease progression are needed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elderly patients have an altered gut-brain axis regardless of the presence of cirrhosis

Bajaj

Ahluwalia

Steinberg

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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Cognitive difficulties manifested by the growing elderly population with cirrhosis could be amnestic (memory-related) or non-amnestic (memory-unrelated). The underlying neuro-biological and gut-brain changes are unclear in this population. We aimed to define gut-brain axis alterations in elderly cirrhotics compared to non-cirrhotic individuals based on presence of cirrhosis and on neuropsychological performance. Age-matched outpatients with/without cirrhosis underwent cognitive testing (amnestic/non-amnestic domains), quality of life (HRQOL), multi-modal MRI (fMRI go/no-go task, volumetry and MR spectroscopy), blood (inflammatory cytokines) and stool collection (for microbiota). Groups were studied based on cirrhosis/not and also based on neuropsychological performance (amnestic-type, amnestic/non-amnestic-type and unimpaired). Cirrhotics were impaired on non-amnestic and selected amnestic tests, HRQOL and systemic inflammation compared to non-cirrhotics. Cirrhotics demonstrated significant changes on MR spectroscopy but not on fMRI or volumetry. Correlation networks showed that Lactobacillales members were positively while Enterobacteriaceae and Porphyromonadaceae were negatively linked with cognition. Using the neuropsychological classification amnestic/non-amnestic-type individuals were majority cirrhosis and had worse HRQOL, higher inflammation and decreased autochthonous taxa relative abundance compared to the rest. This classification also predicted fMRI, MR spectroscopy and volumetry changes between groups. We conclude that gut-brain axis alterations may be associated with the type of neurobehavioral decline or inflamm-aging in elderly cirrhotic subjects.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elderly patients have an altered gut-brain axis regardless of the presence of cirrhosis

Bajaj

Ahluwalia

Steinberg

et al. 2016

Sci Rep

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“…Randomized, clinically controlled dietetic interventions to shape the gut microbiota of humans have been described. Results indicate that energy-restricted foods rich in fiber and vegetables guarantee microbial changes in the gut and present health advantages [143,144,145]. Specific dietetic treatments, alone or in addition to combinations of probiotic species, could represent a potentially interesting tool to improve public health [43].…”

Section: Diet Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, we should consider the subjects that do not respond to diet treatments. This could depend on several factors, such as the subject age and microbiota composition before diet treatment [144,145]. Additionally, some bacterial clusters persist unaltered by alimentary modification, likely because they are able to consume a wide range of dietary resources and are able to adapt/change their metabolism as a function of the environmental/nutritional change [146].…”

Section: Diet Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rebuilding the Gut Microbiota Ecosystem

Gagliardi

Totino

Cacciotti

et al. 2018

IJERPH

274

174

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A microbial ecosystem in which bacteria no longer live in a mutualistic association is called dysbiotic. Gut microbiota dysbiosis is a condition related with the pathogenesis of intestinal illnesses (irritable bowel syndrome, celiac disease, and inflammatory bowel disease) and extra-intestinal illnesses (obesity, metabolic disorder, cardiovascular syndrome, allergy, and asthma). Dysbiosis status has been related to various important pathologies, and many therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring the balance of the intestinal ecosystem have been implemented. These strategies include the administration of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics; phage therapy; fecal transplantation; bacterial consortium transplantation; and a still poorly investigated approach based on predatory bacteria. This review discusses the various aspects of these strategies to counteract intestinal dysbiosis.

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“…In addition to directly stimulating IL-6 and TNF-α production (Ajuwon and Spurlock, 2005; Suganami et al, 2005), dietary intake of saturated fat and ω-6 fatty acids impacts gut microbial community composition (Fava et al, 2013; Myles, 2014; Wu et al, 2011). Evidence suggests that altering the gut microbiome via diet may alter peripheral inflammatory markers (Macfarlane et al, 2013; Pusceddu et al, 2015), indicating that dietary intake of nutrients such as ω-3 PUFAs may modulate relationships between gut microbiota and inflammation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood adversity impact on gut microbiota and inflammatory response to stress during pregnancy

Hantsoo

Jašarević

Criniti

et al. 2019

Brain, Behavior, and Immunity

127

105

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Background: Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), such as abuse or chronic stress, program an exaggerated adult inflammatory response to stress. Emerging rodent research suggests that the gut microbiome may be a key mediator in the association between early life stress and dysregulated glucocorticoid-immune response. However, ACE impact on inflammatory response to stress, or on the gut microbiome, have not been studied in human pregnancy, when inflammation increases risk of poor outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the relationships among ACE, the gut microbiome, and cytokine response to stress in pregnant women. Methods: Physically and psychiatrically healthy adult pregnant women completed the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE-Q) and gave a single stool sample between 20 and 26 weeks gestation. Stool DNA was isolated and 16S sequencing was performed. Three 24-hour food recalls were administered to assess dietary nutrient intake. A subset of women completed the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) at 22–34 weeks gestation; plasma interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and cortisol were measured at four timepoints pre and post stressor, and area under the curve (AUC) was calculated. Results: Forty-eight women completed the ACE-Q and provided stool; 19 women completed the TSST. Women reporting 2 or more ACEs (high ACE) had greater differential abundance of gut Prevotella than low ACE participants (q=5.7×10^−13). Abundance of several gut taxa were significantly associated with cortisol, IL-6, TNF-α and CRP AUCs regardless of ACE status. IL-6 response to stress was buffered among high ACE women with high intake of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (p=0.03) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (p=0.05). Discussion: Our findings suggest that multiple childhood adversities are associated with changes in gut microbiota composition during pregnancy, and such changes may contribute to altered inflammatory and glucocorticoid response to stress. While preliminary, this is the first study to demonstrate an association between gut microbiota and acute glucocorticoid-immune response to stress in a clinical sample. Finally, exploratory analyses suggested that high ACE women with high dietary intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) had a dampened inflammatory response to acute stress, suggesting potentially protective effects of ω-3s in this high-risk population. Given the adverse effects of inflammation on pregnancy and the developing fetus, mechanisms by which childhood adversity influence the gut-brain axis and potential protective factors such as diet should be further explored.

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Synbiotic consumption changes the metabolism and composition of the gut microbiota in older people and modifies inflammatory processes: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study

Abstract: SUMMARY BackgroundAgeing can result in major changes in the composition and metabolic activities of bacterial populations in the large gut and an impaired immune system.

Cited by 124 publications

References 53 publications

Elderly patients have an altered gut-brain axis regardless of the presence of cirrhosis

Elderly patients have an altered gut-brain axis regardless of the presence of cirrhosis

Rebuilding the Gut Microbiota Ecosystem

Childhood adversity impact on gut microbiota and inflammatory response to stress during pregnancy

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