Abstract:Coupling synchrotron IR beam to an ATR element enhances spatial resolution suited for high-resolution single cell analysis in biology, medicine and environmental science.
“…We obtained spatially-resolved Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the thread cross-section (Fig. 2 a) using synchrotron FTIR (S-FTIR) microspectroscopy, equipped with a macro attenuated total reflectance FTIR (ATR-FTIR) device, following Vongsvivut et al 24 . Figure 2 FTIR spectroscopic investigation of the silks in the basket web of S. formivorus .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We further compared the secondary structure contents of the microfiber and submicron fibers in the thread cross-sections and found only negligible differences. This lack of significance could be the cause of the resolution of the macro-ATR technique that is 3.2 µm 24 . Nano-IR could be an ideal technique in future investigations to shed the light into a more accurate measure of the protein secondary structure contents of submicron fibers.…”
Our understanding of the extraordinary mechanical and physico-chemical properties of spider silk is largely confined to the fibers produced by orb-weaving spiders, despite the diversity of foraging webs that occur across numerous spider families. Crab spiders (Thomisidae) are described as ambush predators that do not build webs, but nevertheless use silk for draglines, egg cases and assembling leaf-nests. A little-known exception is the Australian thomisid Saccodomus formivorus, which constructs a basket-like silk web of extraordinary dimensional stability and structural integrity that facilitates the capture of its ant prey. We examined the physical and chemical properties of this unusual web and revealed that the web threads comprise microfibers that are embedded within a biopolymeric matrix containing additionally longitudinally-oriented submicron fibers. We showed that the micro- and submicron fibers differ in their chemical composition and that the web threads show a remarkable lateral resilience compared with that of the major ampullate silk of a well-investigated orb weaver. Our novel analyses of these unusual web and silk characteristics highlight how investigations of non-model species can broaden our understanding of silks and the evolution of foraging webs.
“…We obtained spatially-resolved Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the thread cross-section (Fig. 2 a) using synchrotron FTIR (S-FTIR) microspectroscopy, equipped with a macro attenuated total reflectance FTIR (ATR-FTIR) device, following Vongsvivut et al 24 . Figure 2 FTIR spectroscopic investigation of the silks in the basket web of S. formivorus .…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…We further compared the secondary structure contents of the microfiber and submicron fibers in the thread cross-sections and found only negligible differences. This lack of significance could be the cause of the resolution of the macro-ATR technique that is 3.2 µm 24 . Nano-IR could be an ideal technique in future investigations to shed the light into a more accurate measure of the protein secondary structure contents of submicron fibers.…”
Our understanding of the extraordinary mechanical and physico-chemical properties of spider silk is largely confined to the fibers produced by orb-weaving spiders, despite the diversity of foraging webs that occur across numerous spider families. Crab spiders (Thomisidae) are described as ambush predators that do not build webs, but nevertheless use silk for draglines, egg cases and assembling leaf-nests. A little-known exception is the Australian thomisid Saccodomus formivorus, which constructs a basket-like silk web of extraordinary dimensional stability and structural integrity that facilitates the capture of its ant prey. We examined the physical and chemical properties of this unusual web and revealed that the web threads comprise microfibers that are embedded within a biopolymeric matrix containing additionally longitudinally-oriented submicron fibers. We showed that the micro- and submicron fibers differ in their chemical composition and that the web threads show a remarkable lateral resilience compared with that of the major ampullate silk of a well-investigated orb weaver. Our novel analyses of these unusual web and silk characteristics highlight how investigations of non-model species can broaden our understanding of silks and the evolution of foraging webs.
“…Noteworthy, high brightness sources are employed in new generation of instrumentation for IR imaging, e.g., tunable diode lasers, quantum cascade lasers (QCLs), or synchrotrons. High brightness sources vastly enhance spectral quality in terms of the signal-to-noise parameter (SNR or S/N; defined as the level of a desired signal to the level of background noise) and spatial resolution ( Vongsvivut et al., 2019 ); however, such instruments are not yet widely spread and still mostly used for biomedical research. Noteworthy, macro-ATR imaging based on an inverted prism is a particularly potent technique, as it mitigates the limitations of a microscope and enables effective imaging of large sample areas ( Kazarian and Chan, 2010 ).…”
Section: Fundamentals and Principles Of Vibrational Spectroscopy And mentioning
Detailed knowledge about plant chemical constituents and their distributions from organ level to sub-cellular level is of critical interest to basic and applied sciences. Spectral imaging techniques offer unparalleled advantages in that regard. The core advantage of these technologies is that they acquire spatially distributed semi-quantitative information of high specificity towards chemical constituents of plants. This forms invaluable asset in the studies on plant biochemical and structural features. In certain applications, non-invasive analysis is possible. The information harvested through spectral imaging can be used for exploration of plant biochemistry, physiology, metabolism, classification, and phenotyping among others, with significant gains for basic and applied research. This article aims to present a general perspective about vibrational spectral imaging/micro-spectroscopy in the context of plant research. Within the scope of this review are infrared (IR), near-infrared (NIR) and Raman imaging techniques. To better expose the potential and limitations of these techniques, fluorescence imaging is briefly overviewed as a method relatively less flexible but particularly powerful for the investigation of photosynthesis. Included is a brief introduction to the physical, instrumental, and data-analytical background essential for the applications of imaging techniques. The applications are discussed on the basis of recent literature.
“…Infrared (IR) microspectroscopy, as implied in the name, is a combination of vibrational mid-infrared (IR) spectroscopy and microscopy [23,[122][123][124]. It enables chemical composition of materials to be determined at microscopic level [125,126]. In general, an IR transmission microscope, with all reflecting optics is attached to a Fourier Transform IR (FTIR) spectrometer, allowing mid-IR absorption spectra to be collected from measurements as small as 5-10 µ min, a sample to be analyzed [127].…”
The study explores the nitty-gritty of infrared spectroscopy. Firstly, the review gives a concise history of infrared discovery and its location in the electromagnetic spectrum. Secondly, the infrared spectroscopy is reported for its mechanism, principles, sample preparation, and application for absence and presence of functional groups determination in both ligands and coordination compounds. Thirdly, it helps in purity determination of unknown samples. Additional studies regarding this study entail infrared spectroscopy-based synchrotron radiation. It serves as a giant microscope to give detailed information of samples under investigation compared to the conventional infrared instrument. Infrared will continue to be useful to both chemical and pharmaceutical industries, in order to make chemical products and manufactured drugs put on wholesome integrity.
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