Synergetic Antimicrobial Effects of Mixtures of Ethiopian Honeys and Ginger Powder Extracts on Standard and Resistant Clinical Bacteria Isolates

Abstract

Purpose. To evaluate antimicrobial effects of mixtures of Ethiopian honeys and ginger rhizome powder extracts on Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli (R), and Klebsiella pneumoniae (R). Methods. Agar diffusion and broth assays were performed to determine susceptibility of these standard and resistant clinical bacteria isolates using honey-ginger powder extract mixtures. Results. Honey-ginger powder extract mixtures produced the highest mean inhibition (25.62 mm ± 2.55) compared to the use of honeys (21.63 mm ± 3.30) or ginger extracts (19.23 mm ± 3.42) individually. The ranges of inhibitions produced by honey-ginger extract mixtures on susceptible test organisms (26–30 mm) and resistant strains (range: 19–27 mm) were higher compared to 7–22 mm and 0–14 mm by standard antibiotic discs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of mixture of honeys-ginger extracts were 6.25% (0.625 v/mL) on the susceptible bacteria compared to 75% for resistant clinical isolates. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of honey-ginger extracts was 12.5% (0.125 g/mL) for all the test organisms. Conclusion. The result of this study showed that honey-ginger powder extract mixtures have the potential to serve as cheap source of antibacterial agents especially for the drug resistant bacteria strains.

Egyptian fennel honey and/or propolis against MRSA harboring both mecA & icaAgenes

“…72 Honey also has synergistic antimicrobial action with natural materials as chitosan 73 and ginger powder extract. 74 Otherwise, EEP showed synergistic antimicrobial effect with antibiotics {oxacillin, 27 clarithromycin, 75 cefazolin, 76 ciprofloxacin 50 cefixime 77 and many different antibiotics 27,53,66,69 } or essential oils of ginger, 78 garlic, 79 cinnamon, 80 clove, 78 or chitosan. 81 The study concluded that Egyptian fennel honey and EEP have potent antimicrobial activity against biofilm producing MRSA, while both apiproducts revealed more potency and synergy will be achieved against these foodborne pathogens.…”

In Vitro Effect ofZingiber officinaleExtract on Growth ofStreptococcus mutansandStreptococcus sanguinis

“…Ewnetu et al, in 2014 [ 18 ], assessed the antimicrobial effects of mixtures of Ethiopian honeys and ginger rhizome powder extracts separately and in combination on several pathogenic bacteria. Their results confirmed our findings regarding the favorable antibacterial activity of ginger.…”

Honey as a Complementary Medicine

“…The usage of honey in combination with other antimicrobial agents has been the subject of some investigations. [183][184][185] Combining honey with other antimicrobial agents diminishes the chances of pathogen survival after exposure, consequently reducing the likelihood of emergence of resistant bacteria. The usage of manuka honey, in combination with the antibiotics tobramycin and colistin, to combat P aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia infections resulted in synergistic or additive effects against the 2 strains of each bacterial species.…”