Synergistic antioxidant action of Phikud Navakot ameliorates hydrogen peroxide-induced stress in human endothelial cells

Abstract

BackgroundPhikud Navakot (PN), a combination of nine herbs, has been used traditionally in Thai medicinal formulas to relieve circulatory disorder. The present study aimed to compare the synergistic antioxidant efficacy and toxicity of the hydroethanolic and water extracts of PN at cellular level.MethodsPN and its nine herbs were extracted with either 50% ethanol or water. All extracts were tested for in vitro antioxidant potential using standard antioxidant assays. Evaluation of cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and intracellular reactive oxygen species were performed using human endothelial ECV304 cells.ResultsAntioxidant assays in cell-free systems showed that the hydroethanolic extract of PN scavenged superoxide, hydroxyl, nitric oxide radicals, and hydrogen peroxide more effectively than its water extract. Combination indices were calculated to show that the ingredients of the hydroethanolic extract acted synergistically to exhibit antioxidant activities against all tested radicals, whereas, in the case of water extract, this effect was observed only against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, superoxide, and hydroxyl radicals. A cell-based assay also revealed that the hydroethanolic extract concentration-dependently attenuated hydrogen peroxide-induced stress more effectively than the water extract. At the antioxidant and cytotoxic concentrations of both extracts, no genotoxicity was found.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that the synergistic antioxidant action of PN ameliorates endothelial stress, which may provide some clues for understanding the traditional use of PN for the treatment of circulatory disorder. Additionally, the selection of a suitable solvent for the extraction of PN herbal combination is essential for maximal efficacy and safety.

In Vitro Protective Effect of Phikud Navakot Extraction on Erythrocyte

“…Like other studies, herbal plants and plant-derived antioxidant, such as flavonoids, orientin, and luteolin, have been used to alleviate oxidative stress on erythrocyte [16, 22, 23]. PN also has antioxidative effect to protect hemolysis corresponded to our previous studies that claim an antioxidative property of PN on endothelial stress and oxidative stress induced by apoptosis [13]. Inhibitory effect of PN on cellular apoptosis is relevant to the integrity of red blood cell.…”

“…Our previous studies demonstrated that PN has several advantage effects to cardiovascular system, for instance, vasorelaxation [11], blood flow enhancement [12], and induction of glucose catabolism [12]. Recently, we found that PN ameliorates endothelial stress, attenuates oxidative stress induced by apoptosis, and prevents platelet aggregations [13]. However, high dose oral administration and prolong usage are contraindication in association with mesangiolysis [14].…”

Efficacy and safety of “Yahom” as a traditional Thai herbal therapy: A systematic review

“…Nine additional articles were identified through manual searches of the references, bibliographies and consultations with experts. This yielded 24 articles which met the inclusion criteria including 2 in vitro cell lines or bacteria (Sripanidkulchai et al, 2007;Tepsuwan et al, 2011), 3 in vitro cell-free (Channarong et al, 2012;Nalinratana et al, 2014;Tuekaew et al, 2014), 5 in vitro animal tissue studies (Chantharangsikul et al, 2009;Nonthasawadsri et al, 2015;Nusuetrong et al, 2012;Pataloong and Sawasdimongkol, 1995;Suvitayavat et al, 2005b), 13 in vivo animal studies (Chavalittumrong et al, 2009;Intayoong, 2006;Jariyapongskul et al, 2006;Kengkoom and Ampawong, 2015;Kengkoom et al, 2012;Matangkasombat, 1974;Nernpermpisooth et al, 2015;Sirisangtragul and Sripanidkulchai, 2013;Sirisangtrakul and Sripanidkulchai, 2011;Suvitayavat et al, 2004;Suvitayavat et al, 2005a;Thongpraditchote et al, 1999) and 1 human study (Suvitayavat et al, 2005) (Fig 1).…”

“…While several authors illustrated HPLC chromatograms of their extract, only 3 studies (Nalinratana et al, 2014;Sirisangtragul and Sripanidkulchai, 2013;Sirisangtrakul and Sripanidkulchai, 2011) compared different extraction methods and concluded that methylene chloride yielded most peaks with MeCl 2 extraction, MeOH showed some similarities, while aqueous extraction showed markedly fewer peaks (Nalinratana et al, 2014). Only one study identified peaks (Nalinratana et al, 2014). Three other studies (Suvitayavat et al, 2004;Suvitayavat et al, 2005a;Suvitayavat et al, 2005b) provided HPLC chromatographs but the nature of individual peaks were not identified and the rationale for showing them unclear.…”

“…Cell-free studies rated Yahoms as moderately high phenolic content as judged by as high reducing capacities (Channarong et al, 2012;Nalinratana et al, 2014;Tuekaew et al, 2014) (Table 3). But how these translate to the in vivo environment is unclear.…”