Synergistic Chemical and Photodynamic Antimicrobial Therapy for Enhanced Wound Healing Mediated by Multifunctional Light-Responsive Nanoparticles

Abstract

Recently, rapid acquisition of antibiotic resistance, increased prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, and slow healing of infected wound have led to vast difficulties in developing innovative antimicrobial agents to obliterate pathogenic bacteria and simultaneously accelerate wound healing. To effectively solve this problem, we designed light-responsive multifunctional nanoparticles with conjugation of quaternary ammonium chitosan and photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) to merge chemical and photodynamic therapy to efficient antibacteria. The Mg/(−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) complex rapidly responded to light irradiation under 660 nm with release of magnesium ions, which effectively accelerated wound healing without toxicity to mammalian cells. Notably, positively charged nanoparticles could efficiently adhere to the bacterial surface, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced under laser irradiation destroyed the membrane structure of the bacteria, which is irreversible, ultimately leading to bacteria death. Thus, multifunctional nanoparticles with a combination of chemical and photodynamic antimicrobial therapy would offer guidance to rational predicted and designed new effective antimicrobial nanomaterials. Most importantly, it may represent a promising class of antimicrobial strategy for potential clinical translation.

Antibacterial Activity of Manganese Dioxide Nanosheets by ROS-Mediated Pathways and Destroying Membrane Integrity

“…Currently, nanoscale materials have become a new type of antibacterial agents due to their high specific surface area and unique chemical and physical properties. Many papers have mentioned that the bactericidal activity of nanomaterials is mainly attributed to physical damage (e.g., destruction of lipid molecules) and chemical damage (e.g., oxidative stress) [33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40]. In this study, a three-step approach was proposed to define the synergy of antibacterial activity-(1) Direct contact of MnO 2 nanosheets with the bacterial membrane due to their special sheet-like structure; (2) Generation of reactive oxygen species; (3) Membrane damage, leakage of electrolytes and intracellular contents and decrease of ATPase activity, which contribute to bacterial death.…”

Research status of biodegradable metals designed for oral and maxillofacial applications: A review

“…Hu et al. designed light-responsive multifunctional nanoparticles loaded with Mg ions, which could significantly accelerate wound healing in a rat wound infection model under laser irradiation [ 330 ].…”

The Role of Porphyrinoid Photosensitizers for Skin Wound Healing

“…With these results, the authors believe that this strategy offered an effective antibacterial therapeutic modality for the treatment of infected wounds, which also opened a new window to exploit promising antibacterial nanomaterials to combat antimicrobial resistance. In the same year, Hu et al selected Ce6 to design and prepare the new multifunctional quaternized chitosan (CS) complex HTCC-Ce6-Mg/(-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) (Figure 23) to treat infected wounds [109]. The synthetic strategy involved the functionalization of the CS backbone with the quaternary ammonium salt (via the epoxide glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC) and with Ce6 (via amide bond), affording the positively charged molecules HTCC-Ce6.…”

“…Figure23. Schematic illustration for the formation of nanoparticles, starting in the synthesis of HTCC-Ce6 and Mg/EGCG complex (figure adapted with permission from[109]. Copyright (2019) American Chemical Society).…”