Synergized poly(lactic acid)–hydroxyapatite composites: Biocompatibility study

Abstract

In vitro biocompatibility of impact modified composites produced from poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and hydroxyapatite (HA) is reported in this study. Surface modification was previously used to facilitate the dispersion of HA in PLA, whereas impact property of the PLA-HA composites was deliberately enhanced as it was necessary. Herein, osteoblast cell culture assay was used to assess the possible effects of HA surface modification and impact modification on the cell behavior in physiological media. Furthermore, antimicrobial properties of the HA were assessed. Evidence of HA modification was confirmed through elemental and spectroscopic analysis. Incorporation of HA offered better cell attachment and proliferation to the PLA matrix, with significant increase in the cell viability (%). Also, modification of HA did not present obvious cytotoxicity to the PLA-HA composite. Conversely, incorporation of impact modifier slowed down the rate of cell proliferation on the composite surface but facilitates increased wettability.

Simultaneous impact modified and chain extended glass fiber reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites: Mechanical, thermal, crystallization, and dynamic mechanical performance

“…However, it is noteworthy that improved interaction between PLA and GF following the incorporation of BS helped to shift the T m of the resulting ternary composite (PLA-GB) by about 4 C as presented in Table 4. Afterwards, a significant left shift in the T c can be seen in the PLA-GBC system which is an indication of increased nucleation activities in the composite, 39,40 accrued to the incorporation of CESA. Although similar observation was reported in a previous study where CESA was incorporated into PLA without any reinforcing filler, 30 it is interesting to note here that same effect can be achieved in reinforced PLA.…”

“…It is well known that close to the T g of polymer composites, the molecular chains of the polymer becomes more flexible, thereby gaining mobility. 39 Therefore, the negligible increase in T g of PLA in the PLA-G composite suggests that the incorporation of GF did not sufficiently restrict the mobility of PLA chains in the composite.…”

“…Going forward, this account for the right shift in the T m of the PLA-GBC system perhaps due to the creation of small and less perfects crystals, which are known to generally melt at higher temperatures than the more perfect crystals. 39 In order to further investigate the crystallization activities in the different samples, the degree of crystallinity (X DSC %) was calculated as described in Section 2.2.8, using Equation (1). The X DSC % of the samples are included in Table 4.…”

Fabrication of Biocompatible Composites of Poly(lactic acid)/Hydroxyapatite Envisioning Medical Applications

“…Tanodekaew et al fabricated PLA/HA scaffolds using additive manufacturing (AM) and found out that the content of HA employed and the size of the pores in the scaffolds influenced directly in the cell growth and differentiation. Akindoyo et al developed composites of PLA/HA using an extruder and injection molding and noticed increase of 20% in tensile and flexural moduli in the samples containing 20% m/m of HA without compatibilizer agents. Similar behavior was observed in PLA/HA casting composites, however, higher contents of HA led to agglomeration effects and consequently to an impairment of the tensile modulus in these composites .…”

Characterization of Sol-Gel Derived Calcium Hydroxyapatite Coatings Fabricated on Patterned Rough Stainless Steel Surface

“…Bioglasses and other bioceramics such as calcium phosphates bond to natural bone and support the proliferation of new cells [2,[13][14][15]. Surface wettability enhances osteoblast adhesion of human cells and also cell proliferation [16][17][18]. The problems associated with the application of metallic implants might be solved by the formation of calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca 10 (PO 4 ) 6 (OH) 2 ; CHA) on the surface [19,20].…”